Cancer Therapy Flashcards
What causes cancer cells to develop
Multiple mutations in regulatory genes which causes proliferation, lack of differentiation and lack of apoptosis
How does antibody anti cancer treatment work
Antibody competes with ligand needed for growth/proliferation and binds to cell receptors instead
How do antimetabolites work
Block the synthesis of new nucleotides so cells can’t divide
Which drugs / cancer treatment prevents microtubules contracting/ formation so that chromosomes can’t divide in mitosis stopping cell division
Anti microtubules
How do antibiotics for anti cancer work
Stop replication of dna by binding to it / stopping unwinding of it to form replication forks
Give 2 major examples of antibiotics which stop dna replication for anti cancer
Cisplatin
Daunorubicin
How do steroid hormone antagonists work for anti cancer and give example
Inhibit steroid hormones binding or compete with them via partial agonist eg tamoxifen
Can’t translate proteins for mitosis and therefore no cell division
How could binding of steroid hormones to receptors be used as a treatment
They could bind to delete genes needed for growth/division
What leads to bad side effects of anti cancer therapy
They are non specific to cells eg anti metabolites could prevent production of host dna normally
Why is it hard to distinguish cancer cells from eg gi cells
They both grow rapidly
Which drug was found by chance and how
Cisplatin antibiotic
They were using platinum electrodes shining through bacteria and found it stopped growth
How does cisplatin work
Platinum has 2 x Cl which fall off and bind to dna stopping replication
What is the issue with antibiotic cisplatin (platinum)
Cytotoxic and kidney damage
It’s therapeutic dose is close to MTD
Not specific to damaged dna
Which drug was found naturally in strep soil
Daunorubicin antibiotic
How does daunorubicin work as anti cancer antibiotics
Like fluroquinolones, they bind to topoisomerases to stop uncoiling
Which antimetabolite competes with guanine to stop dna synthesis
Thioguanine
Which antimetabolite stops purine metabolism
Mercaptopurine
Why does acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cause anemia
Over production of lymphocytes and not enough rbc
Which drug is only targeted therapy for cancer cells
Imatinib
Which gene fusion from chr 9 and 22 does imatinib target
BCR AND ABL1
What does binding of atp to bcrabl1 cause
Phosphorylation of proteins needed for proliferation
What does imatinib do to target bcrabl1
Blocks atp binding site to stop activation of proteins for proliferation
Which inhibitor developed in ncl stops dna repair causing apoptosis and how
Parp inhibitor
Targets brca gene mutation in breast and ovarian which would normally repair genes, it blocks repair of dna via other enzymes to cause cell apoptosis
