Asthma Treatment Flashcards
Where does the involuntary respiratory control occur
Medulla
Which neurones affect diaphragm in voluntary respiratory control
Motor neurones
What things do PNS cause and why
Bronchoconstriction and increased mucus
Via ach binding to M3 receptors causing increased IP3–> increased ca —> bronchoconstriction
How does the efferent pathway cause bronchodilation
Via SNS B2 binding via nadr/adr
Which stimuli affect sensory receptors which then affects respiration in afferent system
Chemicals
Allergens
Cold air
Inflammatory mediators eg leukotienes
What causes asthma
Response of sensory receptors to stimuli which aren’t normally causing obstruction
What happens in the immediate phase of asthma
Bronchospasm/ constriction due to stimuli eg cold air, allergens
Which things cause bronchospasm and mucus production in the immediate phase and how
Spasmogens- histamine, leukotienes
They cause bronchospasm when interact with mast cells
How do spasmogens also cause / stimulate the inflammatory response in the late phase of asthma
Release chemotaxins which attract WBC
What influxes in late phase which causes bronchial damage and hypersensitivity to stimuli
Cytokine releasing lymphocytes and eosinophils
What are the 3 drugs called which stop bronchospasm via spasmogens by bronchodilation
B2 agonists
M3 antagonists
Xanthines
What is a negative side effect of B2 agonists treating bronchospasm via vasodilation / bronchodilation
Causes tremors
How do M3 antagonists work
They block ach binding to M3 in the PNS response
This stops bronchoconstriction and causes dilation instead aswell as decreased mucus secretion
What are the 2 uses of xanthines
Cause bronchodilation to treat bronchospasm
Also stop inflammatory response
What is an issue with xanthines
Very small TI
Also causes tremors
What are the 2 effects of glucocorticoid
They are anti inflammatory and treat bronchospasm
How do glucocorticoid work
Induce lipocortin production
This causes decreased production of spasmogens eg leukotienes via blocking phospholipase A2
This also therefore causes less chemotaxin release and causes immunosuppression (less cytokine releasing lymphocytes)
What are the 2 negative side effects of glucocorticoids
1- immunosuppressive Via blocking phospholipase A2
2- glucocorticoid side effects like Cushing syndrome
What is the drug called which stabilises mast cells and prevents spasmogens release
Cromolyn
What is the drugs called which stop leukotienes binding and therefore stop bronchospasm aswell as inflammatory response via chemotaxins
leukotiene receptor antagonist
Which nerves in respiratory system allow coughing
Intercostal and phrenic nerves
How is cough stimulation similar to asthma
Sensory detect stimuli like cold air and cause coughing via phrenic or intercostal nerves
Name 2 ways cough drugs work
Reduce sensory sensitivity to stimuli
Regulate the cough centre in the brain via opioid receptors
