Adverse Drug Reactions Flashcards
What is an ADR and how is it different to side effects
More harmful effects which happen at a therapeutic dose
What are secondary adverse effects
Indirect causation eg immunosuppressants giving rise to opportunistic infection
Why would the young and old have more adverse effects
Pharma kinetics like slower metabolism and glomerular filtration rate
Which gender is more susceptible and why
Females due to hormones affecting kinetics
Does previous history of adrs increase likeliness of another
Yes
Ethnicity is an intrinsic factor. How is kinetics between Japanese and Caucasian different
Japanese 90% have more acetylators unlike 50% of Caucasians
Give some extrinsic risk factors
Alcohol and smoking
What is class A adrs
Augmented (enhanced effect)
How can B blockers cause augmented adrs
B blockers block heart rate
Enhanced augmented adrs mean this causes bradycardia
If a muscarinic antagonist is given for motion sickness and causes eye dilation, what adr is this
Augmented
Which adr is most common
Augmented
What are B class adrs
Bizarre. Their pharmacology doesn’t add up to the effect
Which bizarre adr does penecillin give rise to
Anaphylaxis
Which is the most uncommon adr
Bizarre. It is highly fatal
How is TGN1412 either a or b class of adr
Tgn 1412 is an autoimmune drug which caused excess cytokine storm and things like decreased bp and organ failure
Which bizarre effect does chloramphenicol cause
Bone marrow suppression
What type of class is C adr
Chronic - effects after long term use
Give an example of a chronic adr
Cushing’s syndrome from long term glucocorticoid use
What is a class D adr
Delayed effect adr after treatment and can be given to child
How is accutane an example of class D adr
Causes birth defects
Which class D adr drug transferred the adr to the offspring causing uterine cancers
Diethylstilbestrol
Which type of cancer drug gave rise to second cancers and is a class D adr
Hodgkins
What is class E adr
End of treatment withdrawal effects
How does cortisol cause a class E edr
Excessive take of corticoids allows regulation of the release of acth etc from the hypothalamus. This regulation stops and no cortisol is released from adrenal glands = adrenal atrophy
How is h1 antagonists and ethanol cns suppressor example of an adverse drug interaction
Both act synergistically pharmacodynamics and cause sedation
What are the 2 types of adverse drug interactions
Potentiators eg H1 and ethanol sedatives
Attenuators - antagonist effect eg MAOI blocking amine metabolism or h2 blocking cyps
