Cancer Flashcards
There is some evidence that tamoxifen can negatively impact ___ and ___ in breast cancer patients.
word list generation and verbal memory
Children treated with chemotherapy for leukemia typically have IQs in the ___ range. Deficits in __, ___, ___, and ___ have been found
attention, verbal/visual memory, EF, processing speed
Neurocognitive effects of chemo for non-CNS cancers in adults (5)
learning & memory, attention, working memory, processing speed, EF
malignancies that commonly spread to the brain in adults are melanoma and cancer of the __, ___, and ___.
breast, colon, lung
overall IQs of children treated for medulloblastoma with radiation tend to be in the ___ range, and scores often __ over time.
low average, decline.
most common location of metastic brain tumors are _____.
gray and white matter junction
For primary brain tumors in the CNS the most common tumor site is the ___
meninges
Combined treatment with chemo and radiotherapy in kids may have a ___ and has been associated with higher risk of ___.
negative impact, cognitive impairment
Presentation/signs of brain tumor include (6)
headaches, increased ICP (headaches, nausea, vomiting), progressive neurologic deficits, endocrinopathies, seizures, cognitive and behavioral changes.
Children treated with craniospinal radiation for leukemia show deficits in ___, ___, ____, ____, ___.
attention, visuospatial skills, visual motor skills, working memory, processing speed
which grade? poorly differentiated, brisk mitotic activity, inflitrative, typically require chemo/radiation, tend to progress to higher grade
III
Late complications of radiation in children (12+ months) are (7):
neuropsychological deficits, neuroendocrine dysfunction, vascular complications, hearing loss, cataracts, impaired growth/development, secondary malignancy
___ can show most tumors and can identify calcifications and hemorrhage but may not identify posterior fossa tumors or low-grade gliomas.
CT
Radiation therapy is often deferred or contraindicated in patients under __ of age.
3 years
____ deficits are the most common finding across studies of adults and children treated for cancer.
processing speed
Given the critical structures in the brain and the confined space within the skull, “benign tumors” can have ___ morbidity.
high
Late complications of radiation in adults (12+ months) are typically ___, can consist of local ___ or diffuse ___. mild to moderate problems with ___ and ___ are common. Motor problems include __ and ___ problems.
not reversible, radionecrosis, leukoencephalopathy, attention, short-term memory, incontinence, gait
A complication of cerebellar tumor resection, associated with brainstem involvement of the tumor, location in the vermis. Mutism, emotional lability, cranial nerve deficits, ataxia. Resolves over days/weeks and sometimes months.
posterior fossa mutism syndrome.
which grade? well differentiated, non-infiltrative, low proliferative potential, slow growing, good possibility of cure with surgery
I
undifferentiated, widespread infiltration, propensity for craniospinal dissemination, high degree anaplasia, mitotically active, high degree necrosis, require multi-modality treatment, rapid recurrence
IV
Which grade? moderately differentiated, somewhat infiltrative, low proliferative activity, can progress to higher grades
II
Late effects of chemo in adults (12+ months) (6):
leukoencephalopathy, hearing loss, peripheral neuropathies, secondary cancers, fatigue, neuropsych deficits
MRI shows diffuse ___, ventricular ___, and ___ abnormalities in adults with severe late encephalopathy associated with radiation.
atrophy, enlargement, white matter
Primary brain tumors are (more or less) common in children than adults?
more