ABCN Deck 1

Question 1

Which aphasia? Disturbed spontaneous speech, preserved repetition and comprehension. lesion location?

Answer 1

transcortical motor aphasia. deep white matter tracts connecting Broca’s area to parietal lobe.

Question 2

part of the parietal lobe important for complex spatial attention, integration of tactile sensation, and self awareness

Answer 2

inferior parietal lobe

Question 3

part of the frontal lobe important for intentional and behavioral activation

Answer 3

dorsomedial region

Question 4

Location of infarct? Deficits: right face & arm weakness, nonfluent or Broca’s aphasia, impaired WM and EF. In some cases, right face and arm cortical-type sensory loss.

Answer 4

Left middle cerebral artery, superior division

Question 5

part of the temporal lobe that is a polymodal convergence zone important for intersensory integration and semantic memory

Answer 5

temporal polar cortical areas

Question 6

herniation of the cerebellum downward through the foramen magnum; compression of medulla; respiratory arrest, blood pressure instability, death

Answer 6

tonsillar herniation

Question 7

neurotransmitter involved with attention, memory, regulation of thalamic output

Answer 7

Acetylcholine

Question 8

Left pure motor hemiparesis. Larger infarcts may produce cortical deficits such as left hemineglect & visuospatial deficits.

Answer 8

Right MCA deep territory

Question 9

Location of infarct? Deficits: global aphasia, impaired WM & EF, R hemiplegia, R hemianesthesia, R homonynous hemianopia. Often a L gaze preference, especially at onset.

Answer 9

Left middle cerebral artery stem

Question 10

The corticospinal tract begins in the _____, where neuron cell bodies project via axons down through the ________ and ______ to reach the spinal cord. It is sometimes called the _____ tract.

Answer 10

primary motor cortex, cerebral white matter, brain stem, pyramidal

Question 11

L face & arm weakness, impaired WM & EF, profound L hemineglect, left homonymous hemianopia, visuospatial deficits, anosagnosia. R gaze preference at onset.

Answer 11

Right MCA stem

Question 12

8 symptoms and signs of hydrocephalus

Answer 12

headache, nausea, vomiting, cognitive impairment, decreased consciousness, papilledema, decreased vision, 6th nerve palsy (eye turns inward).

Question 13

petechial hemorrhage

Answer 13

small spots of blood in the white matter

Question 14

NT involved with mood, arousal, pain, respiration, temperature, motor control

Answer 14

serotonin

Question 15

4th ventricle enlarged; part of the cerebellum fails to develop

Answer 15

Dandy Walker syndrome

Question 16

part of the temporal lobe containing the primary auditory cortex and Wernicke’s area; important for language comprehension (L) and prosodic comprehension (R)

Answer 16

posterior temporal region

Question 17

Cushing’s triad. A classic sign of ___.

Answer 17

hypertension, bradycardia, and irregular respirations. a classic sign of elevated ICP.

Question 18

Location of infarct? left face & arm weakness, impaired WM & EF, left hemineglect (variable). Sometimes, left face and arm sensory loss.

Answer 18

Right MCA superior division

Question 19

Location of infarct? Deficits: Wernicke’s aphasia, right visual field deficit.Sometimes, right face and arm sensory loss, mild right-sided weakness. Sometimes, agraphia, acalculia, R-L disorientation, finger agnosia. Patients may seem confused or crazy.

Answer 19

Left middle cerebral artery, inferior division.

Question 20

Location of infarct? Deficits: R pure motor hemiparesis, larger infarcts may produce cortical deficits such as aphasia.

Answer 20

Left middle cerebral artery, deep territory

Question 21

NT involved with attention shifting, arousal, mood, sleep-wake cycle

Answer 21

norepinephrine/noradrenaline

Question 22

Which aphasia? disturbance in word comprehension with relatively intact repetition. speech is fluent and echolalic. lesion location?

Answer 22

transcortical sensory aphasia. white matter tracts connecting parietal and temporal lobe.

Question 23

Circuit that explains how the hypothalamus and cortex coordinate emotion-cognition interaction. hippocampus–>mammilary bodies–>anterior thalamus–>cingulate gyrus (with input to hippocampus from perirhinal-parraphippocampal cortex)

Answer 23

Medial (Papez) Circuit

Question 24

inability to read or write despite intact motor abilities. involves the __________. right hemiparesis and hemisensory neglect common.

Answer 24

alexia with agraphia. angular gyrus.

Question 25

Circuit involved in memory; amygdala-->dorsomedial thalamus-->orbitofrontal-->amygdala (with input to amygdala & DMT from perirhinal parahippocampal cortex)

Answer 25

lateral circuit

Question 26

location of infarct? Profound L hemineglect, left visual field deficits. Sometimes, mild L sided weakness, R gaze preference at onset. Sometimes, anosognosia, visuospatial deficits due to neglect and spatial difficulties. Patient may seem confused.

Answer 26

Right MCA inferior division

Question 27

Extensive lesions of the ______ and ______ cortices produce an amnesia equivalent to or worse than that produced by impairment in the ____ and ____ circuits, even when the hippocampus and amygdala are spared.

Answer 27

perirhinal, parahippocampal, Papez, lateral

Question 28

herniation of the medial temporal lobe; clinical triad of blown pupil, hemiplegia, and coma

Answer 28

transtentorial herniation

Question 29

Part of the frontal lobe important for emotional regulation, reward monitoring, and personality

Answer 29

orbitofrontal/ventromedial

Question 30

hydrocephalus in elderly individuals characterized by chronically dilated ventricles. symptoms include (3).

Answer 30

normal pressure hydrocephalus. gait difficulties, urinary incontinence, and mental decline.

Question 31

Part of the frontal lobe important in a broad range of cognitive executive functions; damage produced dysexecutive syndromes, impairments in working memory, and poor attentional control of behavior

Answer 31

dorsolateral region

Question 32

NT involved with motor regulation, thalamic gating, memory, reward systems, EF, working memory, top down attention, motor initiation

Answer 32

dopamine

Question 33

Pure word blindness with intact ability to write. Involves left _____ area and corresponding inferior portion of the left side of the ______________.

Answer 33

alexia without agraphia. occipital, splenium of the corpus callosum

Question 34

group of structures located in the ventromedial frontal lobe, anterior to the caudate and putamen. major source of cholinergic input throughout the brain. damage to this area produces profound ______ with ____.

Answer 34

Basal forebrain. memory loss, confabulation.

Question 35

small distorted posterior fossa, cerebellar tectal beaking, content of posterior fossa herniate through the foramen Magnum; causes hydrocephalus; associated with spina bifida

Answer 35

Chiari 2 malformation

Question 36

central downward displacement of the brainstem.

Answer 36

central herniation

Question 37

part of the parietal lobe important for sensory-motor integration, body schema, and spatial processing

Answer 37

superior parietal lobe

Question 38

CSPTC Loop involved with executive functions

Answer 38

dorsolateral prefrontal

Question 39

part of the parietal lobe important for phonological and sound-based processing; language comprehension (L) and music comprehension (R)

Answer 39

temporoparietal junction

Question 40

which aphasia? disturbance of repetition, phonemic paraphasia. speech is fluent, comprehension is intact.

Answer 40

conduction aphasia

Question 41

neurologic condition resulting from bilateral ________ injury; patient does not move or speak but remains aware of ongoing events.

Answer 41

medial frontal lobe, akinetic mutism.

Question 42

fluid filled sac at the gap in the spine; no protruding nerves; associated with mild problems

Answer 42

meningocele