Cadiovascular System Flashcards
0
Q
The heart location in the thoaracic cavity in the _______ (interpleural space)
A
Mediastinum
1
Q
Location of the heart in the body? (Cavity)
A
Thoracic cavity
2
Q
The heart is located between…
A
Area between the lungs and on top of the diaphragm
3
Q
The heart is not located within…
A
The pleural membrane
4
Q
Blood transports
A
Nutrients Wastes Gases Hormonones (antibodies) Cells
5
Q
Where is the heart located for dogs and cats?
A
Between the 3rd n 7th rib
6
Q
Where is the heart located for horses and ruminant
A
Between the 2nd n 6th rib
7
Q
Which later covers the epicardium?
A
Pericardium
8
Q
The pericadium is composed of what three layers
A
Fibrous outer layer
Double serous layer
9
Q
The myocardium is under which layer
A
Epicardium
10
Q
The myocardium is what…
A
Cardiac muscle
11
Q
Where is the endocardium
A
Under the myocardium
12
Q
Name the layers from outside to inside
A
Pericadium
Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
13
Q
What is the name is the abnormal acclimation of serous fluid between visceral & parietal layers
A
Pericardium effusion
14
Q
In pericardium effusion why can’t the heart fully expand during contractions?
A
Because the fibrous layer is not elastic
15
Q
How is pericadium effusion fixed?
A
By relieving the pressure by aspiration of the serous fluid
16
Q
What are the causes of pericadium effusion
A
Inflammation/ infection
17
Q
Veins carries blood ___ the heart
A
To
18
Q
Arteries carries blood ___ from the heart
A
Away
19
Q
Veins are (oxygenated or deoxygenated)?
A
Deoxygenated
20
Q
Arteries are ( deoxygenated/ oxygenated)
A
Oxygenated
21
Q
What is the exclusion of a vein that is oxygenated
A
Pulmonary vein and umbilical vessels of fetus
22
Q
What system supplies the heart with blood
A
Coronary system
23
Q
Where is the coronary system
A
Located on external surface of the heart
24
Which system can the coronary system be part of
Systemic circulation
25
What do valves in the heart do
Prevent back flow
26
Veins prevent what?
Back flow
27
The pulmonary circulation is the blood flow between the ____ and ____
Heart and lungs
28
Systole
Cardiac contraction
29
Diastole
cardiac relaxation
30
What are the auricles?
Flaps of atria
31
The inter ventricular groove is on which part?
Left ventrical
32
Howany auricals are there?
2, for each atrium
33
Where are the 2 semicircular valves located?
Aortic valve, pulmonary valve
34
Where are the chordae tendinae?
On the tricuspid (rav) valve, bicuspid (lav) valve
35
Why do semi circular valves lack cordea tendinea?
Less pressure
The blood is falling through
36
In a dog the apex curves_____? (Which direction?)
Caudally
37
On a dog the tricuspid valve is best ausculated on which side of the body?
Right
38
Lumen of blood vessels are
Central blood containing space
39
Blood vessels have how many layers?
Three
40
What are the three layers of blood vessels?
Smooth muscle
Connective tissue
Endothelium
41
What kind of endothelium do blood vessels contain
Simple squamous
42
What is another words for "layers" in the walls of arteries and veins
Tunics
43
Arteries are under ____blood pressure
High
44
Which have thicker walls which have more elastic fibers & smooth muscle
Arteries
45
Which blood vessels are under lower pressure
Veins
46
What helps prevent back flow?
Valves, skeletal muscles help push blood
47
Except where are capillaries found?
Cartilage
Epithelia
cornea of eye
Lens of eye
48
What are poorly vascularized
Ligaments and tendons
49
What are the fictions of capillaries? (5)
```
Exchange of gases
Nutrients
Wastes
Hormones
Defense
```
50
What do capillaries provide
Direct asses to almost every cell
51
The placenta serves as what?
It's an organ of gas, nutrient, waste exchange.
52
In fetal circulation the blood flow to the kidney & lungs from the GI tract is _____
Minimal, because of the placenta
53
The umbilical cord.
| The veins carry ______ blood
Oxygenated blood
54
Veins in the umbilical corn carry oxygenated blood from _____ to ______
Placenta to fetus
55
Via ________ is oxygenated blood carried from placenta to fetus
Ductus venosus
56
Arteries carries _____ blood from fetus to placenta
Deoxygenated
57
How can blood entering the RA bypass the lungs, (fetal circulation)
Foramen ovale
And
Ductus ateriosus
58
What problem is associated with a vessel that does not close after birth
PDA
| = patent ductus ateriosus
59
In PDA was is inadequate?
Oxygenation
60
PDA is a problem that is most common in
Most commen congenital heart problem in dogs
61
What are the clinical signs of PDA
Shortness of breath
Coughing
General weakness
Excessive intolerance
62
How is PDA diagnosed?
With auscultation, distinct murmur
| ECG
63
How is PDA treated
Close the ductus ateriosus
64
What congenital condition causes mega esophagus?
PRAA
| Persostant right aortic arch
65
How does PRATT happend?
During development a fetus has 2 aortic arches. The left on forms the aorta. If the right one forms the aorta
= PRATT, the esophagus is contracted between the liaent ateriosus and the aorta. This causes megaesophagus
66
The constriction between ______ and _____ causes megaesophagus
Ateriousum and aorta
67
Diastole is preriod of______
Relaxation
68
Systole is a period of ______
Contractions
69
The contraction of aria is called
Atrial systole
70
What happens in atrial systol
Blood moves from atria to ventricals
71
What is it called when ventricals contract
Ventrical systole
72
What happends in ventrical systole
Blood moves from ventricals to arteries
73
What is the name for the relaxation of ventricals
Ventricular diastole
74
What happends in ventricular diastole
Ventricles begin the refill with blood
75
What is the name when the atria relax
Atrial diastole
76
What happends in atrial diastole
Atria refill with blood
77
Concerning blood, diastole ____ blood
refills
| Either atria of ventrical
78
Concerning blood, systole_____ blood
Moves blood
79
What is the name for when blood moves from ventrical to arteries
Ventricular systole
80
What is the name for when ventricals begin to refill with blood
Ventricular diastole
81
What is the name for when blood moves from atria to ventricals
Atria systole
82
What is the name for when atria refil with blood
Atrial diastole
83
Using _____ can assessed heart sounds
Auscultation
84
Lub is which "s"
S1
85
Lub = s1 is the....
Closing of the AV valves
86
Mitral valve is best hear on which side
Left
87
Tricuspid valve is best heard on which side
Right
88
Dub is which "s"
S2
89
Dub = s2 is the....
Closing of the semilunar valves
90
Pulmonary and aortic valves are best heard in which side
Left side
91
S3 involves the....
Rapid filling of the ventricals
92
S4 involves
Atrial systole
93
S3 and s4 are in heard in which animals
Large animals
94
Closing of AV valves =
Lub s1
95
Rapid filling ventricals =
S3
96
Closing of semilunar valves =
Dub s2
97
Atrial systole
S4
98
Cardiac muscle is able to....
Generate it's own electrical impulse to signal contraction
99
The SA node signals what
Initiates heart to beat by depolorization
100
What's another word for node
Pacemaker
101
The initiation of the heart to beat by depolarizing the cell is by the___
Sa node
102
The SA node initiates heart beat by ___________
Depolarizing the cells
103
Depolarization continues ______ heart
Throughout
104
What does the p wave represent
Atrial depolarization
105
What does the QRS wave represent
Ventricular depolarization
106
What does the T wave represent
Ventricular depolarization
107
Where is the SA node located
At the junction of the vena cave and right atrium
108
Where is the AV node located?
Near the tricuspid valve
109
What is the flow of depolarization of the heart.
SA node ➡️ AV node➡️ AV bundles➡️ purkinje fibers
110
Where are the purkinje located
Apex
111
Explain cardiac output
It's the amount of blood that leaves the heart
112
CO = _______ + ________
Heart rate (hr) + stroke volume (sv)
113
What does the heart rate depend on for depolarization
Rate of SA node
114
What influences cardiac output (3)
Exercise
Autonomic nervous system
Blood pressure
115
Where are the three sites of venipicture
```
Femoral vein
Saphenouc vein
Jugular vein
Cephalon vein
Coccygeal vein
```
