C5. P2 Flashcards
Who introduced the multi-store model?
Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin
What are the three stores in the multi store model?
Sensory memory, short term memory, and long term memory.
What is the multi store model?
Information travels through each of the three memory stores in a specific way in order to be encoded into long-term memory
What is the MSM based off of?
Computer models of memory
When is the MSM most useful?
Understanding explicit memory retrieval
Which model needed and still needs to be improved?
Multi store model
What is sensory memory in the multi store model?
Briefly recording a large amount of sensory impressions within unique sensory memory stores
What is the visual memory store referred to?
Iconic memory
What is the auditory memory store referred to?
Echoic memory
Who used a tachistoscope to study sensory memory?
George Sperling (1960)
What kind of study did George Sperling do?
Showed participants rows of letters for a split second and documented that they usually remembered 4-5
What is partial report method?
Participants are not asked to retrieve and recall all of the information. Instead, they asked to recall only a partial amount of specific information
What did Sperling find from his study?
Participants could accurately report specific information when desired, but were unable to report other information
Which store last slightly longer in duration?
Echoic memory
What core components did Sperling’s study demonstrate?
They encoded all 12 letters into their iconic memory (visual). Could directly retrieve sensory memory, and unable to accurately retrieve letters from other rows after they retrieved the letters from the initial row
Information is held in the ____ sensory store for a very ___ duration and that information can be easily ___ due to ___ in ______________.
Iconic, brief, lost, shifts, attention
How does the short term memory store work?
The STMS holds onto small amounts of info, but can hold it onto it for a couple more seconds (20-30) than the sensory store
What requires more attention: getting info to the sensory store or moving info into short term memory?
Short term memory
When we use our attention to move things from the sensory store to the short-term store, whatever we do ____ attend to is lost. What is attended to is ____.
Lost, kept
Define rehearsal.
Intentionally focusing on information to keep it in short term memory longer
Define Effortful Explicit Processing.
The conscious effort one exerts when attempting to focus attention on something and encode it into memory
Define long term memory.
Content that has been stored in memory and that is retained over longer periods of time
How much can long term memory store hold and for how long?
It can hold lots of information for a very long time
Does most of the information from the short term memory store encode into the long term memory store?
No, only a tiny fraction
What is a shallow long term memory?
Something that enters long term memory, but is not retained for very long
What is the rehearsal loop?
Retrieving information from the long term memory store bringing it back to the short term memory to further rehearse it which then more deeply encodes the information into the long term memory store
What is a bad part of the multi store model?
Assumes that information travels in a linear path
