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2019-06-03 WSET3 EXAM > C31 - Portugal /checked > Flashcards

C31 - Portugal /checked Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the climate of Portugal

climate, diversity

A

It has a range of different climates

  • Much of the country has a maritime climate
  • Many of the inland vineyards have a hot, dry and continental climate
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2
Q

How are high temperatures moderated in Portugal?

A
  1. Atlantic Ocean

2. Altitude

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3
Q

Give a climatic reason for the diversity of wine styles found in Portugal

A

There are large differences in annual temperature

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4
Q

What is the climate of Vinho Verde?

Why?

A

Moderate maritime

Because of its proximity to the Atlantic

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5
Q

What is the most significant feature of the climate in Vinho Verde?

A

High annual rainfall

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6
Q

What are the main 2 risks of the high rainfall in Vinho Verde?

A
  1. Excessive canopy growth

2. It encourages disease

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7
Q

How may the associated risks of high rainfall be managed in Vinho Verde?

A

With effective canopy management

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8
Q

How have vineyards changed in Vinho Verde?

A

They have moved away from Pergola trellising due to modernisation

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9
Q

What technique/method is now used in Vinho Verde?

What for? (3)

A

Spur-pruned VSP

  1. To create airflow in the humid environment
  2. To improve the health and quality of the grapes
  3. To allow for mechanisation
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10
Q

Describe classic Vinho Verde wines

colour, acidity, alcohol, sweetness

A
  • Pale lemon colour
  • High in acidity
  • Low in alcohol (8% to 11.5% abv)
  • Wines with low alcohol are usually off-dry
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11
Q

How may one identify a different style of Vinho Verde? What is different about the style?

A

If a grape-variety, sub-region or an authorised quality labelling term is mentioned on the label, the wine can have up to 14% alcohol

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12
Q

What grapes are usually used to make the white wines of Vinho Verde? (2)

A
  1. Loureiro

2. Arinto

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13
Q

What is notable about the style of white Vinho Verdes?

A

They traditionally have a SLIGHT SPARKLING sensation that enhances their freshness

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14
Q

What is Vinho Verde ALVARINHO made from?

A

Alvarinho grapes (Albariño in Spain) grown in the small designated sub-region of Monção e Melgaço

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15
Q

Describe Vinho Verde Alvarinho in relation to white Vinho Verde

alcohol, aroma/flavour

A
  • It has a slightly higher alcohol level

- Riper, more tropical aromas

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16
Q

Describe the red and rosé wines of Vinho Verde

red: colour, tannin
rose: flavour

A

Reds are deeply coloured and tannic

Rosés are fresh and fruity

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17
Q

What is the oldest demarcated wine region in the world?

A

The Douro

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18
Q

What wine type dominates wine production in the Douro?

A

Port

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19
Q

What 5 varieties dominate both Port and unfortified wines of the Douro?

A
  1. TOURIGA NACIONAL
  2. Touriga Franca
  3. Tinta Roriz (Tempranillo)
  4. Tinta Barroca
  5. Tinta Cão
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20
Q

What is considered the highest quality variety of Douro’s 5 varieties?

A

Touriga Nacional

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21
Q

Describe the red wines of Douro

colour, body, tannin, flavour, aroma

A
  • Deeply coloured
  • Full-bodied
  • High levels of ripe tannins
  • Rich black fruit flavours
  • Best examples often show subtle toasty aromas from maturation in new oak
22
Q

Describe the white wines of Douro

A

Particularly when from high altitude, they can show fresh varietal fruit and medium to high acidity

23
Q

Where in Dão are vines mostly planted?

A

On the gentler HILLS and slopes, between 200m and 400m asl

24
Q

Describe the climate in Dão

winter, summer, diurnal variation

A
  • Cold, wet winters
  • Warm, dry summers
  • Significant diurnal temperature variation
25
Q

Describe the typical red wines of Dão

tannin, acidity, aromas

A
  • Soft tannins
  • High acidity
  • Delicate red fruit aromas
26
Q

Name 4 black grapes planted in Dão

A
  1. Touriga Nacional
  2. Tinta Roriz
  3. Jaen (Mencia in Spain)
  4. Alfrocheiro
27
Q

Describe wines made from Alfrocheiro

colour, aromas

A
  • Deep in colour

- Intense aromas of blackberry and strawberry

28
Q

From which variety are the best Dão whites made? (1)

A

Encruzado

29
Q

What is the style range for Encruzado whites of Dão?

A

Light and fresh, to richer, barrel fermented versions

30
Q

What is the climate of Bairrada?

climate, winter, summer

A

Maritime with rainy winters and warm summers

31
Q

What is a viticultural problem in Bairrada?

A

Rainfall at harvest (especially for late-ripening varieties)

32
Q

Describe the key traits of Baga of Bairrada.

ripening, skin, colour, tannin, acidity, aroma

A
  • Late-ripening
  • Small, thick-skinned grapes
  • Deeply coloured wines
  • High tannin levels
  • If underripe, high acidity and stringent tannins. Later picking gives wines that are softer
  • rich black-fruit aromas
33
Q

Which 3 local black varieties are important in Bairrada?

Which 3 international black varieties are important in Bairrada?

A
  1. Baga
  2. Touriga Nacional
  3. Alfrocheiro
  4. Cabernet Sauvignon
  5. Merlot
  6. Syrah
34
Q

What varieties are the whites of Bairrada made from? (2)

A
  1. Bical

2. Maria Gomes

35
Q

What is the climate of Alentejo like?

A

It has a warm growing season
Small differences among the sub-regions
Cooler and wetter in the north
Hotter and drier in the south

36
Q

List 3 grapes used in the typical Alentejo RED blend

What other 2 have increased popularity?

A
  1. Aragonês (Tempranillo),
  2. Trincadeira
  3. Alicante Bouschet
  4. Touriga Nacional
  5. Syrah
37
Q

What are typical characters of Trincadeira?

drought tolerance, flavours, tannin

A
  • Drought tolerant
  • Spicy red berry flavours
  • High levels of tannin
38
Q

Describe Alicante Bouschet

colour, tannin

A

A Portuguese grape

  • high in colour
  • high in tannins
39
Q

Describe the profile of Alentejo blends

colour, body, tannin, aroma/flavour

A
  • Deep in colour
  • Full body
  • High, yet soft tannins
  • Expressive, ripe fruit flavours
40
Q

List 3 grapes used in the typical Alentejo WHITE blend

A
  1. Arinto
  2. Antão Vaz
  3. Roupeiro
41
Q

Describe the role of oak in Alentejo

A

Some whites are fermented or aged in oak to provide extra depth and complexity

42
Q

What is the largest Vinho Regional region in terms of production?

A

Vinho Regional Alentejano

43
Q

What are winemaking regulations like for the Vinho Regional wines? (vs D.O.’s)

A

Much more liberal

Wider range of grape varieties can be used, particularly international varieties

44
Q

List 3 other important Vinho Regional areas, other than Vinho Regional Alentejano.

A
  1. Lisboa (stretching north from Lisbon)
  2. Peninsula de Setúbal (directly to the south)
  3. Tejo (north-east of Lisbon)
45
Q

What’s the Portuguese for PDO?

A

Denominação Geográfica Protegida (DOP)

46
Q

Other than DOP, which other Portuguese term can be used for PDO?

A

Denominação de Origem Controlada (DOC)

47
Q

What is the Portuguese PGI?

A

Indicação Geográfica Protegida (IGP)

48
Q

What is the other term used for IGP?

A

Vinho Regional

49
Q

What does it mean when ‘Vinho’ is written on a Portuguese wine?

A

This is a table wine without geographical indication

50
Q

What has been a successful example of a ‘Vinho’ wine in Portugal?

A

Simple, fruity, off-dry rosé wines

2019-06-03 WSET3 EXAM (52 decks)

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