C15 - Burgundy /checked

Question 1

How is the climate of Burgundy best described?

2 areas

Answer 1

1. Cool continental in the north around Chablis

2. Moderate continental further south

Question 2

What negative effects can rain have specifically in Burgundy? (2 separate times of year)

Answer 2

1. Disrupts flowering in early summer

2. Disrupt harvest later in the year

Question 3

Which Burgundy grape is particularly susceptible to GREY ROT ?

Answer 3

Pinot Noir

Question 4

Other than frosts, what else can cause a large problem in Burgundy?

Answer 4

Summer hail

Question 5

Where are the more basic, village level vineyards usually located in Burgundy?

Answer 5

On flat sites or at the bottom of slopes

Question 6

Where are premier or grand cru vineyards of Burgundy often found?
(2 location characteristics)

Answer 6

1. Mid-slope

2. South or east facing exposure

Question 7

Name a beneficial climatic feature of a vineyard site being mid-slope rather than lower

Answer 7

They are less prone to frost

Question 8

Other than light exposure, why is it beneficial for the best vineyards to be south or east facing (in the Burgundy)?

Answer 8

They are sheltered from prevailing westerly winds

Question 9

What is the soil type in Burgundy?

Answer 9

The soils are very varied

Question 10

Why is there so much soil variation in Burgundy?

Answer 10

A result of a large number of geological faults combined with gradual erosion

Question 11

What is the reason linked to subtle changes in wine-style in Burgundy?

Answer 11

Variation in soil type

Question 12

How does soil quality vary dependant on topography?

Hillsides versus flat valley land

Answer 12

Soil on hillsides are shallower and better drained

Soil on flat land is deeper and more fertile

Question 13

What are the 4 grapes used in Burgundy wine production?

Answer 13

1. Pinot Noir
2. Chardonnay
3. Aligoté
4. Gamay

Question 14

What proportion of total vineyard area does Pinot Noir account for in Burgundy?

Answer 14

Over a third

Question 15

Where in Burgundy is Pinot Noir grown?

Answer 15

Throughout, but the most important plantings are in the Côte d’Or

Question 16

Describe Burgundian Pinot Noir

primary flavours, tertiary flavours, acidity, tannin

Answer 16

Red fruit flavours in youth
Evolve into flavours of earth, game and mushroom
High acidity
Low to medium tannin

Question 17

Which wine making practice has gradually become more popular in Burgundian vinification of Pinot Noir?

Answer 17

The use of whole bunches

Question 18

How long is Pinot Noir typically barrel aged in Burgundy’s best wines?

Answer 18

16 to 18 months in barrel

Question 19

What proportion of vineyard area in Burgundy does Chardonnay usually account for?

Answer 19

Nearly half

Question 20

Describe the character of Chardonnay in Burgundy

3 areas, 2 characteristics per area

Answer 20

1. Chablis: Steely and high acid
2. Côte d’Or: Complex and expressive
3. Mâcon: Full bodied and riper

Question 21

Where was the modern style of premium Chardonnay production founded?

Answer 21

Burgundy

Question 22

What are the four modern techniques used in Chardonnay production in Burgundy that now contribute to the world’s most famous Chardonnays?

Answer 22

1. Barrel fermentation
2. Barrel ageing (6-9 months typically)
3. MLF
4. Lees stirring

Question 23

What is still in high debate when it comes to Burgundian vinification of Chardonnay?

Answer 23

How much new oak ageing is appropriate

The appropriate amount of toasting for barrels

Question 24

How long can the best Burgundian Chardonnay age for?

Answer 24

Ten years or more

Question 25

What problem was discovered with Burgundian Chardonnays 15 years ago?

Answer 25

They were not ageing as expected | Some were showing signs of PREMATURE OXIDATION

Question 26

What is the cause of the premature oxidation problem in Burgundy Chardonnays?

Answer 26

It has not been identified definitively

Question 27

Describe the flavour profile of Aligoté flavour, acidity

Answer 27

White grape producing neutral wines with high acidity

Question 28

What kinds of wines can Aligoté produce? flavour

Answer 28

Usually neutral, but can produce high quality when grown on sites where it can ripen fully

Question 29

Why does Aligoté rarely produce quality wines in Burgundy?

Answer 29

Appropriate sites are usually taken by Chardonnay and Pinot Noir

Question 30

Describe Gamay in Burgundy flavour, tannin

Answer 30

Early drinking red Ripe berry fruit Low tannins

Question 31

What sort of appellations can Gamay be applied to?

Answer 31

Some regional, but nothing higher Only Pinot Noir is allowed for village level and above

Question 32

Where is Chablis in Burgundy? What river runs through it?

Answer 32

Northernmost Burgundy In the valley of the river SEREIN

Question 33

What are the lesser Chablis vineyards classified as?

Answer 33

Petit Chablis

Question 34

What is the major climatic problem in Chablis?

Answer 34

Spring frosts (up to May)

Question 35

How is Spring frost protected against in Chablis? (2)

Answer 35

1. Sprinklers | 2. Heaters

Question 36

What grape varieties are permitted in Chablis?

Answer 36

One: Chardonnay

Question 37

Describe the aspect of basic, village level Chablis vineyards

Answer 37

Grown on NORTH-facing slopes and flatter land

Question 38

Describe the aspect of premier cru and grand cru sites in Chablis

Answer 38

SOUTH facing hillsides

Question 39

Describe the flavours of Petit Chablis and Chablis flavour, acidity

Answer 39

They can be very austere with green fruit and high acidity | Better examples show riper fruit flavours

Question 40

Describe the flavours of Cru Chablis flavour, body, acidity

Answer 40

Riper, more concentrated fruit (citrus rather than green apple) More body High acidity

Question 41

Is Chablis oak aged?

Answer 41

SOME Cru producers age Chablis in OLD OAK

Question 42

What is the effect of ageing Chablis in old oak? (2) body, flavours

Answer 42

It gives a rounder texture and subtle flavours

Question 43

How may pure fruit flavours be retained in Chablis?

Answer 43

By fermenting and storing wines in stainless steel or concrete

Question 44

Which hill/mountain range is nearby to the Côte d'Or? Where is it?

Answer 44

The MASSIF CENTRAL | Along the western limit

Question 45

What does the Massif Central provide in Burgundy?

Answer 45

Favourable EAST and SOUTHEAST facing hillside locations

Question 46

What is the Côte de Nuits best known for?

Answer 46

Many of the fullest-bodied, longest-lived PINOT NOIR

Question 47

What is the Côte de Beaune best known for?

Answer 47

The best CHARDONNAY in Burgundy

Question 48

Does the Côte de Beaune only produce Chardonnay?

Answer 48

No, it can also produce reds in a fruitier style than those of Côte de Nuits

Question 49

How many of Burgundy's red Grand Crus are produced in the Côtes de Nuits?

Answer 49

All but one

Question 50

How many of Burgundy's white Grand Crus are in the Côte de Beaune?

Answer 50

All but one

Question 51

List the key villages of Côtes de Nuit, running from north to south with their key grands crus sites (4)

Answer 51

1. Gevrey-Chambertin (Chambertin, Chambertin Clos de Bèze) 2. Vougeot (Clos de Vougeot) 3. Vosne-Romanée (Romanée-Conti, La Tâche, La Romanée) 4. Nuits Saint-Georges

Question 52

List the key villages of the Côtes-de-Beaune in order from north to south, with their Grands Crus (6)

Answer 52

1. Aloxe-Corton (Corton, Corton-Charlemagne) 2. Beaune 3. Pommard 4. Volnay 5. Meursault 6. Puligny-Montrachet (Montrachet) 7. Chassagne-Montrachet (Montrachet)

Question 53

What colour of wines do the key villages of Côtes de Beaune produce?

Answer 53

Both (all except for Pommard and Volnay)

Question 54

What can qualify for Côtes de Nuits-Villages? colour, what village

Answer 54

RED or WHITE wine | It can be from any village that doesn't qualify as a more famous village appellation

Question 55

What can qualify as a Côte de Beaune Villages? colour, what village

Answer 55

RED wine only | It can come from any one or several village appellations in Côte de Beaune (with some exceptions)

Question 56

Which regional appellations are to the west and at higher altitudes than the main strip of vineyards? Describe them

Answer 56

1. Bourgogne Hauts Côtes de Nuits 2. Bourgogne Hauts Côtes de Beaune Their higher altitudes and greater exposure to wind gives them a cooler climate and wines with LESS BODY and LESS CONCENTRATION

Question 57

Where is the Côte Challonaise?

Answer 57

To the south of the Côte d'Or

Question 58

What are the 2 main grapes of the Côte Challonaise?

Answer 58

1. Chardonnay | 2. Pinot Noir

Question 59

Due to the X of the vineyards in the Côte Challonaise, harvest is Y and the Z is less reliable

Answer 59

``` X = Higher altitude Y = Later Z = Ripening ```

Question 60

What are the four village appellations of the Côte Challonaise?

Answer 60

1. Rully 2. Mercurey 3. Givry 4. Montagny

Question 61

Describe wines of Rully

Answer 61

More wines are white than red | Also an important centre for sparkling production

Question 62

Describe the wines of Mercurey

Answer 62

Red wines enjoy the highest reputation of the Challonaise

Question 63

Describe Givry and its wines

Answer 63

High reputation red wines | Smallest appellation of Challonaise

Question 64

Describe the wines of Montagny

Answer 64

These are only white

Question 65

Describe the crus of the Challonaise

Answer 65

All of the communes have premier cru vineyards, but no grands crus

Question 66

What is the regional appellation for the Côte Challonaise?

Answer 66

Bourgogne Côte Challonaise

Question 67

What is the principal red grape of the Mâconnais?

Answer 67

Gamay (though some Pinot Noir is made)

Question 68

What colour is Mâcon?

Answer 68

Red or white

Question 69

Describe the better white Mâcon wines flavour/aroma, acidity, body, secondary flavour

Answer 69

Fresh apple or citrus fruit Medium acidity Medium to full body Some possible creaminess from MLF

Question 70

Describe red Mâcon

Answer 70

Light and fruity | Made for early drinking

Question 71

Describe wines labelled Mâcon Villages or Mâcon followed by a village name ripeness, body

Answer 71

More ripeness, body and character than Mâcon

Question 72

Which of the Mâcon Village wines has built up the biggest following?

Answer 72

Lugny

Question 73

Which are the 2 most famous village appellations in The Mâconnais?

Answer 73

1. Pouilly-Fuissé | 2. Saint-Véran

Question 74

Describe the wines of the village appellations in the Mâconnais flavour, maturation

Answer 74

Ripe notes of tropical and stone fruits | Most matured for a time in barrel to enhance texture and add flavour

Question 75

Where are the grapes of the best wines of Mâconnais's best village appellations often planted?

Answer 75

On the limestone slopes of the Roche de Solutré with east and southeast exposures

Question 76

What is unique about the shape of the vineyards on the Roche de Solutré that is good for the wines? What effect does it have on the wines?

Answer 76

The slopes are amphitheatre-like and act as natural sun traps Produces some of the richest and ripest Chardonnays in Burgundy

Question 77

What is the lowest rank in the burgundy appellation hierarchy?

Answer 77

Regional appellations: - Bourgogne Rouge - Bourgogne Blanc

Question 78

Where do Burgundy's regional wines come from?

Answer 78

Vineyards that do not have the right to a superior appellation Regions which have been declassified from a superior appellation

Question 79

Why may a Burgundy region be declassified?

Answer 79

Excessive yields | A quality minded producer may want to preserve the prestige of an appellation by not including lower-quality wines

Question 80

What colour wines are from Mâcon?

Answer 80

Red and white

Question 81

What colour wines are from Mâcon Villages?

Answer 81

White only

Question 82

What is the next highest rank after regional appellations in Burgundy?

Answer 82

Commune appellations

Question 83

What else may appear on a Burgundy commune wine other than the commune name? Why?

Answer 83

Vineyard name | If the wine comes from a single vineyard and the vineyard is not a Cru

Question 84

What term is sometimes used in Burgundy instead of commune?

Answer 84

Village

Question 85

What are the 2 appellations in Burgundy above commune?

Answer 85

1. Premier Cru | 2. Grand Cru

Question 86

What are Cru vineyards?

Answer 86

Vineyards that have consistently made high-quality wines

Question 87

What is a monopole?

Answer 87

An area entitled to a certain name (e.g. grand cru vineyard or AOC) which belongs to just one owner It is rare for only one winery to produce all the wine from an area entitled to a certain name.

Question 88

How many premiers crus are spread between Chablis, the Côte d'Or and the Challonaise?

Answer 88

More than 600

Question 89

What fraction do the the premiers crus of northern Burgundy provide of Burgundy's total production?

Answer 89

A tenth

Question 90

What may also appear on a premier cru label (other than premier cru)?

Answer 90

The name of the vineyard | If the wine comes from a single vineyard

Question 91

When may there be no vineyard name on the label of a Burgundy premier cru vineyard?

Answer 91

If the wine is a blend of wines from various premier cru vineyards within a village

Question 92

What is the very top of the Burgundy appellation hierarchy?

Answer 92

Grand Cru

Question 93

What is the percentage of total production of Burgundy's grand cru vineyards?

Answer 93

Little more than 1%

Question 94

How many grand cru vineyards are there in Burgundy? Where are they?

Answer 94

33 Côte d'Or and Chablis

Question 95

How can the grand cru wines of Burgundy be recognised? | What else must appear?

Answer 95

Only the vineyard appears on the label | 'Grand Cru'