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2019-06-03 WSET3 EXAM > C15 - Burgundy /checked > Flashcards

C15 - Burgundy /checked Flashcards

1
Q

How is the climate of Burgundy best described?

2 areas

A
  1. Cool continental in the north around Chablis

2. Moderate continental further south

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2
Q

What negative effects can rain have specifically in Burgundy? (2 separate times of year)

A
  1. Disrupts flowering in early summer

2. Disrupt harvest later in the year

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3
Q

Which Burgundy grape is particularly susceptible to GREY ROT ?

A

Pinot Noir

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4
Q

Other than frosts, what else can cause a large problem in Burgundy?

A

Summer hail

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5
Q

Where are the more basic, village level vineyards usually located in Burgundy?

A

On flat sites or at the bottom of slopes

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6
Q

Where are premier or grand cru vineyards of Burgundy often found?
(2 location characteristics)

A
  1. Mid-slope

2. South or east facing exposure

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7
Q

Name a beneficial climatic feature of a vineyard site being mid-slope rather than lower

A

They are less prone to frost

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8
Q

Other than light exposure, why is it beneficial for the best vineyards to be south or east facing (in the Burgundy)?

A

They are sheltered from prevailing westerly winds

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9
Q

What is the soil type in Burgundy?

A

The soils are very varied

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10
Q

Why is there so much soil variation in Burgundy?

A

A result of a large number of geological faults combined with gradual erosion

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11
Q

What is the reason linked to subtle changes in wine-style in Burgundy?

A

Variation in soil type

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12
Q

How does soil quality vary dependant on topography?

Hillsides versus flat valley land

A

Soil on hillsides are shallower and better drained

Soil on flat land is deeper and more fertile

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13
Q

What are the 4 grapes used in Burgundy wine production?

A
  1. Pinot Noir
  2. Chardonnay
  3. Aligoté
  4. Gamay
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14
Q

What proportion of total vineyard area does Pinot Noir account for in Burgundy?

A

Over a third

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15
Q

Where in Burgundy is Pinot Noir grown?

A

Throughout, but the most important plantings are in the Côte d’Or

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16
Q

Describe Burgundian Pinot Noir

primary flavours, tertiary flavours, acidity, tannin

A

Red fruit flavours in youth
Evolve into flavours of earth, game and mushroom
High acidity
Low to medium tannin

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17
Q

Which wine making practice has gradually become more popular in Burgundian vinification of Pinot Noir?

A

The use of whole bunches

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18
Q

How long is Pinot Noir typically barrel aged in Burgundy’s best wines?

A

16 to 18 months in barrel

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19
Q

What proportion of vineyard area in Burgundy does Chardonnay usually account for?

A

Nearly half

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20
Q

Describe the character of Chardonnay in Burgundy

3 areas, 2 characteristics per area

A
  1. Chablis: Steely and high acid
  2. Côte d’Or: Complex and expressive
  3. Mâcon: Full bodied and riper
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21
Q

Where was the modern style of premium Chardonnay production founded?

A

Burgundy

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22
Q

What are the four modern techniques used in Chardonnay production in Burgundy that now contribute to the world’s most famous Chardonnays?

A
  1. Barrel fermentation
  2. Barrel ageing (6-9 months typically)
  3. MLF
  4. Lees stirring
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23
Q

What is still in high debate when it comes to Burgundian vinification of Chardonnay?

A

How much new oak ageing is appropriate

The appropriate amount of toasting for barrels

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24
Q

How long can the best Burgundian Chardonnay age for?

A

Ten years or more

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25
Q

What problem was discovered with Burgundian Chardonnays 15 years ago?

A

They were not ageing as expected

Some were showing signs of PREMATURE OXIDATION

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26
Q

What is the cause of the premature oxidation problem in Burgundy Chardonnays?

A

It has not been identified definitively

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27
Q

Describe the flavour profile of Aligoté

flavour, acidity

A

White grape producing neutral wines with high acidity

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28
Q

What kinds of wines can Aligoté produce?

flavour

A

Usually neutral, but can produce high quality when grown on sites where it can ripen fully

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29
Q

Why does Aligoté rarely produce quality wines in Burgundy?

A

Appropriate sites are usually taken by Chardonnay and Pinot Noir

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30
Q

Describe Gamay in Burgundy

flavour, tannin

A

Early drinking red
Ripe berry fruit
Low tannins

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31
Q

What sort of appellations can Gamay be applied to?

A

Some regional, but nothing higher

Only Pinot Noir is allowed for village level and above

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32
Q

Where is Chablis in Burgundy?

What river runs through it?

A

Northernmost Burgundy

In the valley of the river SEREIN

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33
Q

What are the lesser Chablis vineyards classified as?

A

Petit Chablis

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34
Q

What is the major climatic problem in Chablis?

A

Spring frosts (up to May)

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35
Q

How is Spring frost protected against in Chablis? (2)

A
  1. Sprinklers

2. Heaters

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36
Q

What grape varieties are permitted in Chablis?

A

One: Chardonnay

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37
Q

Describe the aspect of basic, village level Chablis vineyards

A

Grown on NORTH-facing slopes and flatter land

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38
Q

Describe the aspect of premier cru and grand cru sites in Chablis

A

SOUTH facing hillsides

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39
Q

Describe the flavours of Petit Chablis and Chablis

flavour, acidity

A

They can be very austere with green fruit and high acidity

Better examples show riper fruit flavours

40
Q

Describe the flavours of Cru Chablis

flavour, body, acidity

A

Riper, more concentrated fruit (citrus rather than green apple)
More body
High acidity

41
Q

Is Chablis oak aged?

A

SOME Cru producers age Chablis in OLD OAK

42
Q

What is the effect of ageing Chablis in old oak? (2)

body, flavours

A

It gives a rounder texture and subtle flavours

43
Q

How may pure fruit flavours be retained in Chablis?

A

By fermenting and storing wines in stainless steel or concrete

44
Q

Which hill/mountain range is nearby to the Côte d’Or? Where is it?

A

The MASSIF CENTRAL

Along the western limit

45
Q

What does the Massif Central provide in Burgundy?

A

Favourable EAST and SOUTHEAST facing hillside locations

46
Q

What is the Côte de Nuits best known for?

A

Many of the fullest-bodied, longest-lived PINOT NOIR

47
Q

What is the Côte de Beaune best known for?

A

The best CHARDONNAY in Burgundy

48
Q

Does the Côte de Beaune only produce Chardonnay?

A

No, it can also produce reds in a fruitier style than those of Côte de Nuits

49
Q

How many of Burgundy’s red Grand Crus are produced in the Côtes de Nuits?

A

All but one

50
Q

How many of Burgundy’s white Grand Crus are in the Côte de Beaune?

A

All but one

51
Q

List the key villages of Côtes de Nuit, running from north to south with their key grands crus sites (4)

A
  1. Gevrey-Chambertin (Chambertin, Chambertin Clos de Bèze)
  2. Vougeot (Clos de Vougeot)
  3. Vosne-Romanée (Romanée-Conti, La Tâche, La Romanée)
  4. Nuits Saint-Georges
52
Q

List the key villages of the Côtes-de-Beaune in order from north to south, with their Grands Crus (6)

A
  1. Aloxe-Corton (Corton, Corton-Charlemagne)
  2. Beaune
  3. Pommard
  4. Volnay
  5. Meursault
  6. Puligny-Montrachet (Montrachet)
  7. Chassagne-Montrachet (Montrachet)
53
Q

What colour of wines do the key villages of Côtes de Beaune produce?

A

Both (all except for Pommard and Volnay)

54
Q

What can qualify for Côtes de Nuits-Villages?

colour, what village

A

RED or WHITE wine

It can be from any village that doesn’t qualify as a more famous village appellation

55
Q

What can qualify as a Côte de Beaune Villages?

colour, what village

A

RED wine only

It can come from any one or several village appellations in Côte de Beaune (with some exceptions)

56
Q

Which regional appellations are to the west and at higher altitudes than the main strip of vineyards? Describe them

A
  1. Bourgogne Hauts Côtes de Nuits
  2. Bourgogne Hauts Côtes de Beaune

Their higher altitudes and greater exposure to wind gives them a cooler climate and wines with LESS BODY and LESS CONCENTRATION

57
Q

Where is the Côte Challonaise?

A

To the south of the Côte d’Or

58
Q

What are the 2 main grapes of the Côte Challonaise?

A
  1. Chardonnay

2. Pinot Noir

59
Q

Due to the X of the vineyards in the Côte Challonaise, harvest is Y and the Z is less reliable

A 
X = Higher altitude
Y = Later
Z = Ripening
60
Q

What are the four village appellations of the Côte Challonaise?

A
  1. Rully
  2. Mercurey
  3. Givry
  4. Montagny
61
Q

Describe wines of Rully

A

More wines are white than red

Also an important centre for sparkling production

62
Q

Describe the wines of Mercurey

A

Red wines enjoy the highest reputation of the Challonaise

63
Q

Describe Givry and its wines

A

High reputation red wines

Smallest appellation of Challonaise

64
Q

Describe the wines of Montagny

A

These are only white

65
Q

Describe the crus of the Challonaise

A

All of the communes have premier cru vineyards, but no grands crus

66
Q

What is the regional appellation for the Côte Challonaise?

A

Bourgogne Côte Challonaise

67
Q

What is the principal red grape of the Mâconnais?

A

Gamay (though some Pinot Noir is made)

68
Q

What colour is Mâcon?

A

Red or white

69
Q

Describe the better white Mâcon wines

flavour/aroma, acidity, body, secondary flavour

A

Fresh apple or citrus fruit
Medium acidity
Medium to full body
Some possible creaminess from MLF

70
Q

Describe red Mâcon

A

Light and fruity

Made for early drinking

71
Q

Describe wines labelled Mâcon Villages or Mâcon followed by a village name

ripeness, body

A

More ripeness, body and character than Mâcon

72
Q

Which of the Mâcon Village wines has built up the biggest following?

A

Lugny

73
Q

Which are the 2 most famous village appellations in The Mâconnais?

A
  1. Pouilly-Fuissé

2. Saint-Véran

74
Q

Describe the wines of the village appellations in the Mâconnais

flavour, maturation

A

Ripe notes of tropical and stone fruits

Most matured for a time in barrel to enhance texture and add flavour

75
Q

Where are the grapes of the best wines of Mâconnais’s best village appellations often planted?

A

On the limestone slopes of the Roche de Solutré with east and southeast exposures

76
Q

What is unique about the shape of the vineyards on the Roche de Solutré that is good for the wines?

What effect does it have on the wines?

A

The slopes are amphitheatre-like and act as natural sun traps

Produces some of the richest and ripest Chardonnays in Burgundy

77
Q

What is the lowest rank in the burgundy appellation hierarchy?

A

Regional appellations:

  • Bourgogne Rouge
  • Bourgogne Blanc
78
Q

Where do Burgundy’s regional wines come from?

A

Vineyards that do not have the right to a superior appellation
Regions which have been declassified from a superior appellation

79
Q

Why may a Burgundy region be declassified?

A

Excessive yields

A quality minded producer may want to preserve the prestige of an appellation by not including lower-quality wines

80
Q

What colour wines are from Mâcon?

A

Red and white

81
Q

What colour wines are from Mâcon Villages?

A

White only

82
Q

What is the next highest rank after regional appellations in Burgundy?

A

Commune appellations

83
Q

What else may appear on a Burgundy commune wine other than the commune name? Why?

A

Vineyard name

If the wine comes from a single vineyard and the vineyard is not a Cru

84
Q

What term is sometimes used in Burgundy instead of commune?

A

Village

85
Q

What are the 2 appellations in Burgundy above commune?

A
  1. Premier Cru

2. Grand Cru

86
Q

What are Cru vineyards?

A

Vineyards that have consistently made high-quality wines

87
Q

What is a monopole?

A

An area entitled to a certain name (e.g. grand cru vineyard or AOC) which belongs to just one owner

It is rare for only one winery to produce all the wine from an area entitled to a certain name.

88
Q

How many premiers crus are spread between Chablis, the Côte d’Or and the Challonaise?

A

More than 600

89
Q

What fraction do the the premiers crus of northern Burgundy provide of Burgundy’s total production?

A

A tenth

90
Q

What may also appear on a premier cru label (other than premier cru)?

A

The name of the vineyard

If the wine comes from a single vineyard

91
Q

When may there be no vineyard name on the label of a Burgundy premier cru vineyard?

A

If the wine is a blend of wines from various premier cru vineyards within a village

92
Q

What is the very top of the Burgundy appellation hierarchy?

A

Grand Cru

93
Q

What is the percentage of total production of Burgundy’s grand cru vineyards?

A

Little more than 1%

94
Q

How many grand cru vineyards are there in Burgundy? Where are they?

A

33

Côte d’Or and Chablis

95
Q

How can the grand cru wines of Burgundy be recognised?

What else must appear?

A

Only the vineyard appears on the label

‘Grand Cru’

2019-06-03 WSET3 EXAM (52 decks)

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