C11 - Wine and the Law /checked

Question 1

What is the primary concern of authorities in charge of food and beverage legislation?

Answer 1

To ensure that what is sold is safe and fit for human consumption

Question 2

Give an example of an area of food safety which is particularly important in the area of wine

Answer 2

The use of SO2

Question 3

What is the issue if SO2 levels are not monitored?

Answer 3

High levels can be toxic

Question 4

Name a safety measure taken pertaining to SO2

Answer 4

In most countries, the words ‘contains sulphites’ must appear on the label

Question 5

Why is it unlikely that a winery will not need to write ‘contains sulfites’?

Answer 5

FERMENTATION PRODUCES SO2

Because fermentation produces an amount of sulfites anyway

Question 6

What is the main responsibility of the entity that puts a product on sale when it comes to labelling?

Answer 6

That descriptions and claims made on packaging are accurate

Label information needs to be clear and able to be checked

Question 7

Why are geographical indications a common feature on a wine label?

Answer 7

Because the area where grapes are grown can have a defining influence on the style and quality of the wine

Question 8

Literally speaking, what is a GI?

Answer 8

Geographical Indication

A designated vineyard area within a country

Question 9

Roughly how large are GIs?

Answer 9

They can cover an entire region (e.g. Bordeaux) or a single vineyard (e.g. La Romanee)

Question 10

What is a major risk for wines that sell at a premium price?

Answer 10

Fraud

Question 11

Why is GI law relatively complicated?

Answer 11

Because when more than one country is involved in the making of the wine, more than one jurisdiction is at play

Question 12

How are the complications of GI law managed uniformly?

Answer 12

A GI system has been created by the WTO which all major wine producing countries adhere to

Question 13

Give an example of a wine-labelling situation which has been changed as a result of WTO GIs/agreements

Answer 13

Australians no longer use the term ‘Chablis’ (or any EU GIs) for any of their wines

Question 14

Wat is the typical origination % for GI?

What is the origination % for PDOs?

Answer 14

GI = 85%
PDO= 100%

There are significant variations between the way that GI legislation is written within the EU and outside of it

Question 15

How many quality categories are EU GIs split into? What are they?

Answer 15

1. Protected Designation of Origin (PDO)

2. Protected Geographical Indication (PGI)

Question 16

Broadly speaking, what is the difference between PDOs and PGIs?

Answer 16

PDOs are smaller areas with more tightly defined regulations

Question 17

What is the term most commonly used in place of PDO in France? What does it stand for?

Answer 17

AOC/AC/AOP

Appellation d’origine contrôlée/protégée

Question 18

What is increasingly being used in France in place of Vin de Pays (VdP)?

Answer 18

IGP (Indication Géographique Protégée)

Question 19

What makes European GIs unique? (2)

Answer 19

Local laws will typically also state:

1. What grape VARIETIES can be grown
2. What grape-growing and winemaking TECHNIQUES can be used

Question 20

What is the goal of European variety and technique rules?

Answer 20

The system can protect what is seen as the unique identity of local wines, promoting quality and preventing fraud.

Question 21

Give 2 reasons as to why many producers prefer to make wines in the PGI category as opposed to the PDO category

Answer 21

Less restrictions regarding:

1. VARIETIES
2. PRODUCTION/TECHNIQUES

Question 22

What is a notable labelling difference between PGI wines and PDO wines?

Answer 22

PGI wines will usually state grape variety on the label

Question 23

What category of wine offers European winemakers the most flexible production rules?

Answer 23

Wine without a GI

Create multi-regional blends by sourcing grapes from different parts of a country, or even multi-national blends

Question 24

What is the major difference between EU and non-EU GI wines?

Answer 24

Non-EU wines are not governed by local laws to define and limit what local varieties can be planted

Question 25

What is rarely seen on the label of a non-EU wine?

Answer 25

Legal terms such as Ward, AVA or Zone

*DATED

Question 26

When is alcohol consumption not considered as harmful to health?

Answer 26

When consumed in MODERATION

Question 27

What is the behavioural effect of too much alcohol being consumed by one person?

Answer 27

It can significantly affect their BEHAVIOUR, often in dangerous and socially unacceptable ways

Question 28

Besides behavioural connotations, what are the other potential undesirable effects of alcohol in excess? (2)

Answer 28

1. ADDICTIVE

2. NEGATIVE HEALTH EFFECTS (short-term and long-term )

Question 29

In which cultures is alcohol consumption banned altogether?

Answer 29

In those which consider it socially unacceptable, likely due to religion

Question 30

How are limits applied to access and harmful effects of wine by governments?

Answer 30

By using legislation (and tax)

Question 31

What are the 2 biggest focuses of alcohol legislation in most countries?

Answer 31

1. MINIMUM AGE

2. MAXIMUM LEVELS in blood

Question 32

How is blood alcohol usually expressed?

Answer 32

mg of ethanol per ml of blood (mg/ml)

Question 33

Why is drink-driving monitored? (What are the main effects which make drink-driving dangerous?)

Answer 33

1. reduces co-ordination
2. slows reaction times
3. increases risk-taking
4. impairs decision making

therefore driving or operating machinery under the influence of alcohol significantly increases the risk of injury or death for the operator/driver and those around them

Question 34

What is the main constituent of sensible drinking guidelines?

Answer 34

Recommended daily and weekly maximum consumption amounts expressed as fixed quantities of alcohol or ‘units’

Question 35

How may a government place limits on advertising and marketing of alcohol? (2)

Answer 35

1. INDUSTRY CODES (voluntary)

2. LEGISLATION