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2019-06-03 WSET3 EXAM > C28 - Central Italy /checked > Flashcards

C28 - Central Italy /checked Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the topography of Central Italy

A

Dominated by the Apennine Mountains, which run the length of the Italian peninsula

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2
Q

Where in Central Italy are grapes usually planted?

A

On the SLOPES and VALLEYS of the Apennine Mountain range

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3
Q

How is temperature generally moderated within Central Italy? (2)

A
  1. Either by the altitude of the Apennine foothills

2. Coastal sea breezes

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4
Q

How can Tuscany be topographically divided? (3)

A

Into three parts:

  1. The MOUNTAINS Chianti region in the north
  2. The HILLS and valleys to the south
  3. The FLAT coastal plain
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5
Q

What is the dominant and most prestigious grape throughout the areas of Tuscany?

A

SANGIOVESE

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6
Q

What are the main characteristics of Sangiovese in Tuscany?

ripening, tannin, acidity, aromas, oak, aged aromas

A
  • Late ripening
  • High tannins
  • High acidity
  • Aromas of red cherries, plums and dried herbs
  • Usually aged in oak to soften tannins and sometimes add spicy flavours
  • Aged aromas: meaty and gamey
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7
Q

What kind of oak containers are used to age Sangiovese in Tuscany? (2)

A
  1. Small barrels

2. Larger casks

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8
Q

How many sub-zones are there within Chianti?

A

7 sub-zones

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9
Q

Are wines of Chianti often blends?

A

YES

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10
Q

How will producers of large volumes of Chianti, with grapes from the larger area, usually label their wines?

A

Chianti DOCG

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11
Q

How may higher quality Chianti producers label their wines?

A

ADD SUB-ZONE

Depending on where the grapes are from, they may label their wines with the name of the sub-zone

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12
Q

Which of Chianti’s sub-zones are best known for their quality? (2)

A
  1. Chianti Rufina DOCG

2. Chianti Colli Senesi DOCG

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13
Q

What is unusual about Chianti Classico DOCG?

A

It’s NOT a sub-zone of Chianti

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14
Q

Describe the vineyards of Chianti Classico DOCG

A

At HIGHER ALTITUDE than those of Chianti

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15
Q

What is the effect of Chianti Classico’s higher vineyards?

acidity, aromas

A
  1. Greater acidity

2. More herbal aromas

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16
Q

What is the ageing regulation for Chianti Classico DOCG?

A

Must be aged for 12 months

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17
Q

What is the ageing regulation for Chianti Classico Riserva DOCG?

A

Must be aged for 24 months

At least 3 months of bottle ageing

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18
Q

What is the highest designation for Chianti Classico wines?

A

GRAN SELEZIONE

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19
Q

How may a Chianti Classico qualify for Gran Selezione status?

A
  1. Grapes must be sourced from a single estate

2. Wines must be aged for six months longer than Riserva (30 months)

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20
Q

What is the oaking regulation for all Chianti?

A

There are no stipulations concerning oak ageing, so it is entirely up to the producer

IT IS STATED ON P.127, BUT I’M NOT CONVINCED WHETHER THIS IS CORRECT….

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21
Q

What is the reality regarding oak ageing for Chianti wines?

A

The vast majority of wines are matured in oak for at least part of the time before their release

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22
Q

Name all Chianti appellation in order (4)

A
  1. Chianti DOCG
  2. Chianti Classico DOCG
  3. Chianti Classico Riserva DOCG
  4. Chianti Classico (Riserva) Gran Selezione
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23
Q

What are the best known appellations of Southern Tuscany? (2)

A
  1. Brunello di Montalcino DOCG

2. Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG

24
Q

Describe the general difference between wines from Southern Tuscany (e.g. Brunello) and from further north

intensity, body

A
  • More intense

- Fuller-bodied than those from Chianti

25
Q

What are the key legal stipulations for Brunello di Montalcino DOCG?

A
  • 100% Sangiovese
  • Aged least five years before release
  • Aged at least two years in oak
26
Q

What are the key stipulations for Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG?

A
  • Can be a Sangiovese blend

- Aged at least 2 years before release

27
Q

What may producers of Brunello di Montalcino DOCG or Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG do if the vintage is particularly poor.

A

They can declassify their wines to DOC

Rosso di Montalcino DOC
Rosso di Montepulciano DOC

28
Q

Describe the Tuscan coast

A

It is relatively FLAT and cooled by SEA BREEZE

29
Q

What kinds of varieties are grown on the Tuscan coast?

A

Black BORDEAUX varieties and a number of other international varieties

30
Q

What was the first Super-Tuscan made from?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon

31
Q

What was groundbreaking about the first Super-Tuscan?

A

It was sold at a premium price despite not being eligible for PDO status

32
Q

Why were Super-Tuscans so important?

A

They were a turning point for Italian wines as they re-established Italy’s reputation for excellence

33
Q

What varieties go into Super-Tuscans?

A

Typically international varieties, but sometimes with Italian varieties as part of the blend

34
Q

How are Super-Tuscans usually labelled? (3)

A
  1. Toscana IGT
  2. Bolgheri DOC
  3. Maremma Toscana DOC
35
Q

What is special about Bolgheri DOC and Maremma Toscana DOC?

A

The relatively new appellations permit 100% NON-Italian varieties.

e.g. Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Syrah

36
Q

Where is Umbria?

A

Central Italy, between Tuscany and Marche

37
Q

What is Umbria’s best known wine?

A

Orvieto DOC

38
Q

What are the main grapes in Orvieto DOC?

A

WHITE:

  1. Grechetto
  2. Trebbiano

Often, a few other local grapes are included

39
Q

Describe Orvieto DOC wines

body, acidity, flavours

A
  1. Light body
  2. Medium to high acidity
  3. Flavours of ripe grapefruit and peaches
40
Q

What grape dominates in the best Orvieto?

A

Grechetto

41
Q

How are Orvieto wines vinified?

oxygen, fermation, vessel

A
  • Protectively
  • Cool fermentation
  • Stainless steel
42
Q

What is Umbria’s most prestigious RED wine?

A

Sagrantino di Montefalco DOCG

Made from Sagrantino

43
Q

What is the best known wine of Lazio?

A

Frascati DOC

44
Q

Where are the vineyards of Frascati DOC?

A

The HILLS to the south of ROME

45
Q

What are the growing conditions like in Frascati DOC?

A

Vineyards are cooled by ALTITUDE and a number of small nearby LAKES

46
Q

What are the WHITE grapes of Frascati DOC? (2)

A

WHITE

  1. Malvasia
  2. Trebbiano
47
Q

Describe wines of Frascati DOC

style, body, acidity, aroma/flavour

A
  • Fresh and fruity in style
  • Medium body
  • Medium to high acidity
  • Flavours of citrus fruit, with Malvasia sometimes providing floral, orange blossom aromas
48
Q

Where is Marche?

A

On the eastern side of the Apennines

49
Q

What wines is Marche best known for?

A

VERDICCHIO

50
Q

What is Marche’s most famous wine from the Verdicchio grape?

A

Verdicchio dei Castelli di Jesi DOC

51
Q

Describe wines from the Verdicchio grape

acidity, aroma/flavours, aroma aged

A
  • High acidity
  • Green apple and lemon flavours
  • Sometimes notes of fennel and almonds
  • Usually simple and fruity, but the best have greater concentration and can develop notes of honey and almonds with bottle age
52
Q

What varieties are Marche’s red wines typically made from? (2)

A

Usually blends of

  1. Montepulciano
  2. Sangiovese
53
Q

What is the best known of Marche’s RED blends?

A

Conero DOCG

54
Q

Which region is below Marche?

A

Abruzzo

55
Q

For which variety is Abruzzo most famous?

A

MONTEPULCIANO

56
Q

What is Abruzzo’s most famous wine?

A

Montepulciano d’Abruzzo DOC

57
Q

Describe wines from the Montepulciano grape

colour, tannin, acidity, flavours, oak

A
  • High levels of colour
  • High levels of tannins
  • Medium acidity
  • Flavours of black plums and cherries
  • Many simple and fruity with no oak ageing
  • Most concentrated examples matured for a short time in oak

2019-06-03 WSET3 EXAM (52 decks)

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