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2019-06-03 WSET3 EXAM > C22 - Germany /checked > Flashcards

C22 - Germany /checked Flashcards

1
Q

What climate does the majority of Germany’s vineyard areas have?

A 
Cool continental (with the associated viticultural challenges)
Wet summers with rain declining in autumn
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2
Q

Where in Germany are vineyards noticeably warmer?

A

Baden in the far south

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3
Q

What effect does Germany’s climate have on grapes?

A

The long, cool ripening period allows grapes to reach sugar ripeness while retaining acidity

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4
Q

In what German region can Botrytised sweet wines be made?

A

In every region of Germany

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5
Q

Why is there so much variance in German wines from year to year?

A

Due to high variations in annual water conditions

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6
Q

Describe the typically best site in all German regions (2)

A
  1. Steep, often stony slopes

2. Southerly aspect

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7
Q

Describe grape-growing practices on steep slopes in Germany (3)

A
  1. Worked on by hand
  2. In steepest parts, equipment is manoeuvred into place by winches
  3. Vines are head-pruned, individually staked with canes tied in at the top of the stakes to maximise grape exposure to light and air circulation
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8
Q

What might the benefit be to a vine’s proximity to rivers in Germany? (2)

A
  1. Reflected sunlight can help grapes to ripen

2. Air movement caused by flowing water can help to protect against frosts

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9
Q

By which oenological characteristic are grapes classified in Germany?

What main effect does this have on the harvest?

A

By must weight (level of sugar in grape juice)

The harvest can be spread out over a period of weeks and months because pickers will pass through the vineyard several times to ensure they get the ideal grapes for each category of wine.

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10
Q

Besides picking-passes, how else may grapes be sorted for different levels of wine in Germany?

A

They may be sorted and categorised after each picking

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11
Q

Towards what wine style is the ongoing trend in Germany?

What has dictated this?

A

Towards dry wines

The demand of the local market

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12
Q

In terms of vineyard plantings and quality, what is the most important wine grape of Germany?

A

Riesling

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13
Q

Which grape must be used for Prädikatsweine?

A

There are several options

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14
Q

What is the most widely planted grape variety in Germany?

A

Riesling

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15
Q

What is the style of Riesling wines in Germany?

flavour, sweetness

A

It varies hugely due to differences in soil and climate

- From delicate and floral, to richer peachy fruit character - - Bone dry to lusciously sweet

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16
Q

How are dry styles of Riesling in Germany often labelled?

A

Qualitätsweine

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17
Q

What is the sweetness style of most Qualitätsweine?

A

Dry styles are often labelled as Qualitätsweine

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18
Q

How are many of the very best dry Rieslings of Germany labelled?

A

Grosses Gewächs (GG)

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19
Q

Nearly all wines labelled as Prädikatsweine will have…

A

Residual sugar

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20
Q

Up to which Prädikatsweine category is it possible for the wine to be made in a dry style?

A

Auslese

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21
Q

What is the key to understanding Prädikatsweine?

A

To think of them as an indicator of style

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22
Q

What is the most delicate of the Prädikatsweine styles?

A

Kabinett

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23
Q

Describe Kabinett wines

body, acidity, flavours, ABV (sweet style, dry style)

A
  • Light in body
  • High acidity
  • Flavours of green apple or citrus fruit, balanced with
  • Residual sweetness
  • Sweet styles will have an alcohol level of 8-9% abv
  • Drier styles can reach 12% abv
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24
Q

How can Kabinett wines be made sweet? (2)

A
  1. By stopping fermentation early (better quality wines)

2. By adding sugar after fermentation (Süssreserve)

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25
Q

Why is stopping fermentation seen as a better quality way of creating sweetness?

A

It achieves a better sugar/acid balance

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26
Q

Describe Spätlese wines

A

Made in the same way as Kabinett wines, but more concentrated, riper and with a little more body, alcohol and sometimes sweetness

Citrus and stone fruit aromas (peach or apricot)

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27
Q

Describe Auslese wines

A
  • Made from individually selected extra-ripe bunches
  • Richer and riper than Spätlese wines
  • Noble rot can be involved
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28
Q

Describe Beerenauslese (BA) and Trockenbeerenauslese (TBA) wines

noble rot, volumes, sweetness, alcohol, flavours,

A

Noble rot essential to achieve required must weights for TBA - not essential for BA wines, but Botrytis still typical.

  • Volumes vary considerably when produced, IF produced
  • Sweet and low in alcohol
  • Flavours of honey, dried stone fruit, candied peel and flowers

These rank among the best sweet wines in the world

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29
Q

Describe Eiswein

noble rot, volumes, sweetness, flavours

A
  • Genuinely rare and made infrequently
  • Noble rot not a key component
  • Very sweet
  • Pure varietal fruit flavours
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30
Q

What is the flavour focus of Eiswein?

A

Varietal purity

The best Eiswein achieve a balance between acidity and sweetness

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31
Q

Which additional winemaking methods may winemakers use to maintain varietal flavours in Eiswein? (3)

A
  1. Using carefully selected YEAST
  2. Handling juice with CARE
  3. Avoiding processes which can mask the flavours of the grape such as MLF and new oak
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32
Q

Give an alternative name for Müller-Thurgau

A

RIVANER

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33
Q

When was Müller-Thurgau created and between which 2 grapes?

A

1880s

Crossing between Riesling and Madeleine Royale

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34
Q

How does Müller-Thurgau compare with Riesling?

ripening, acidity, flavour

A

It ripens earlier, but does not have the same level of acidity or intensity of flavour

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35
Q

What kinds of flavours can Müller-Thurgau produce? (2)

A
  1. Attractive floral

2. Fruity flavours

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36
Q

What are the general quality levels of German Müller-Thurgau?

A

Rarely high

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37
Q

What is the second most widely planted white grape variety in Germany?

A

Müller-Thurgau

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38
Q

How are Müller-Thurgau plantings evolving?

Why?

A

Müller-Thurgau plantings are in steady decline.

The market for inexpensive medium-dry/medium-sweet Qualitätsweine made from the variety has declined.

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39
Q

What is Germany’s third most widely planted white grape variety?

A

Silvaner

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40
Q

Where is Silvaner mainly found in Germany?

A

Particularly Rheinhessen and Franken

In these regions it has traditionally been strong

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41
Q

What style is Silvaner made into?

A

Dry and sweet styles

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42
Q

What is the profile of Silvaner wines in Germany compared to Riesling?

acidity, flavour

A
  • Less acidic than Riesling

- Less overtly fruity than Riesling, sometimes have an earthy quality

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43
Q

What kind of quality can Silvaner produce?

A

High quality on the right sites

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44
Q

What are the international common names for the following German varietals:

  1. Grauburgunder
  2. Weißburgunder
  3. Spätburgunder
A 
Grauburgunder = Pinot Gris
Weißburgunder = Pinot Blanc
Spätburgunder = Pinot Noir
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45
Q

What is the third most planted grape variety in Germany?

A

Spätburgunder

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46
Q

What kind of German vineyards does Spätburgunder thrive in?

Where is Spätburgunder most important in Germany?

A

The warmer sites

Pfalz and Baden

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47
Q

What styles are Spätburgunder wines made into?

sweetness, flavour

A
  • Dry

- Either relatively light and fruity or in a more concentrated style with oak aromas

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48
Q

Which is the second most widely planted black variety in Germany?

A

Dornfelder

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49
Q

What is fairly unique to Dornfelder wines in Germany?

A

It produces particularly deeply coloured wines

50
Q

List 3 more popular black grape varieties in Germany

What style do they usually produce?

How are these wines marketed?

A
  1. Portugieser
  2. Trollinger
  3. Schwarzriesling (Pinot Meunier)

Usually light-bodied and fruity wines, though some intensely coloured and flavoured examples with oak character do exist

As Qualitätsweine and consumed by the domestic market

51
Q

Where is the Mosel region?

A

Between the joining of the Mosel and the Rhine and the German border, including the small tributaries of the Saar and the Ruwer.

MOSEL-SAAR-RUWER

52
Q

Which grapes dominate the Mosel?

colour, variety (1)

A

White grapes

Mostly Riesling

53
Q

Which varieties are permitted for Grosses Gewächs wines in the Mosel?

A

Only Riesling

54
Q

Where in the Mosel is production concentrated?

A

MIDDLE MOSEL

In the centre of the region

55
Q

What are the 3 best known Middle Mosel villages with an established reputation for top-quality wine?

A
  1. Piesport
  2. Bernkastel
  3. Wehlen
56
Q

What are 3 characters of the best vineyards of the Middle Mosel?

A
  1. Very STEEP slopes
  2. SLATE soils
  3. RIVER facing (Mosel)
57
Q

Describe the Riesling wines of Mosel’s best vineyards (compared to other German regions)

body, alcohol, acidity, flavours

A

Compared to those of Rheingau, Rheinhessen and Pfalz:

  • Lighter in body
  • Lower in alcohol
  • Higher in acidity

Floral and green fruit flavours

58
Q

Do the cooler Saar and Ruwer areas of the Mosel have any significant plantings?

A

NO

Only a tiny percentage of the overall plantings in the Mosel

59
Q

How do the best wines of the Saar/Ruwer compare with those of the Middle Mosel?

style, acidity

A

They are comparable in style and quality,

with even more acidity

60
Q

What can happen to the grapes in the Mosel in cooler vintages?

What are the grapes used for in this case?

A

Grapes may not ripen in even the best sites

The grapes may then be used in sparkling wine production

61
Q

Where are the best sites in NAHE?

Between what 2 villages?

A
  1. Very STEEP slopes
  2. SOUTHERN ASPECT
  3. RIVER facing (Nahe)

Between the villages of

  1. Schlossböckelheim
  2. Bad Kreuznach
62
Q

What are the best wines of Nahe made from?

A

Riesling

63
Q

What is the most widely planted variety of Nahe?

A

Riesling

64
Q

What style is Riesling made into in Nahe (compared to Mosel and the rest)?

acidity, flavour

A

Somewhere between that of Mosel and the fuller-bodied style of Rheingau, Rheinhessen and Pfalz.

  • Pronounced acidity of Mosel
  • Riper fruit character than that of Mosel due to warmer character
65
Q

Which varieties are permitted for Grosses-Gewächs wines in Nahe?

A

Riesling only

66
Q

Where in RHEINGAU are most vineyards situated (3)?

Between what 2 villages?

A
  1. Very STEEP slopes
  2. SOUTHERN ASPECT
  3. RIVER facing (Rhine or Main)

Protected from winds by the Taunus Hills to the north

  1. Johannisberg
  2. Rüdesheim
67
Q

Which grape variety dominates plantings in Rheingau?

A

Riesling

68
Q

Describe Rieslings of Rheingau

body, flavour

A

Medium to full-body

Distinctive ripe peach character

69
Q

What other style of wines can be made in Rheingau? Why?

A

Some of Germany’s best BA and TBA winesDue to high humidity

70
Q

Around which village to the east of Rheingau are vineyards centred?

A

Hochheim

71
Q

Which other grape variety can do well in Rheingau? Where specifically?

A

Spätburgunder

To the west of Rüdesheim in the village of Assmannhausen

72
Q

Which grapes of Rheingau can be used for Grosses Gewächs wines? (2)

A
  1. Riesling

2. Spätburgunder

73
Q

What is the largest wine region in Germany?

A

Rheinhessen

74
Q

Which varieties are planted in Rheinhessen?

A

There’s a very broad range of varieties planted

75
Q

What are the most planted WHITE varieties in Rheinhessen?

A
  1. Müller-Thurgau

2. Riesling

76
Q

Which BLACK varieties dominate in Rheinhessen (3)?

What percentage of plantings do they occupy here?

A
  1. Dornfelder
  2. Portugieser
  3. Spätburgunder

30%

77
Q

Which wines of Rheinhessen can be used for Grosses Gewächs wines? (2)

A
  1. Riesling

2. Spätburgunder

78
Q

What are the steeply terraced vineyards around Nierstein, Rheinhessen sometimes called?

A

The Rheinterrasse

79
Q

What reputation do the Rheinterrasse (Nierstein, Rheinhessen) have in the wine world of Germany?

A

As producing some the fullest bodied Rieslings in Germany

80
Q

What reputation does Rheinhessen have?

A

As a result of its new winemaking movement, it has a reputation for INNOVATION and EXCELLENCE

81
Q

What is the second largest wine producing area of Germany?

A

PFALZ

82
Q

How can the vineyards of Pfalz be seen geographically?

in relation to a French wine region

A

As a continuation of the vineyards of Alsace

83
Q

Describe the location of the vineyards of Pfalz.

mountain range

A

They run in a narrow 80km strip from the french border and lie to the east of the HAARDT MOUNTAINS (which are a continuation of the Vosges mountains)

84
Q

Describe the climate of Pfalz and its effect on vines

water availability

A

It is the driest of the German regions and the vines can suffer from water stress

85
Q

What is the most widely planted variety in Pfalz?

A

Riesling

86
Q

Which other white grape is widely grown in Pfalz?

A
  1. Müller-Thurgau
  2. Grauburgunder
  3. Weißburgunder
87
Q

From which varieties can GG wines be made in Pfalz? (3)

A
  1. Riesling
  2. Weißburgunder
  3. Spätburgunder
88
Q

Where are Pfalz’s most established quality vineyards located?

A
  1. Forst

2. Deidesheim

89
Q

What is the collective name for Forst and Deidesheim?

A

Mittelhaardt

90
Q

What is the style of wines produced in Mittelhaardt?

A

Ripe and fuller-bodied

91
Q

Besides Rheinhessen, where else in Germany are new and young producers making top-quality wines?

A

Pfalz

92
Q

What is the warmest/most southerly region of Germany?

A

Baden

93
Q

What are the wines of Baden like?

body, alcohol

A
  1. Fullest-bodied

2. Highest alcohols

94
Q

Describe the size of Baden

A

The vineyards are spread over a large area, but in terms of vineyard area, it’s only the third largest in Germany

95
Q

Around which two areas (hills) are nearly a third of plantings focused in Baden?

A
  1. Kaiserstuhl
  2. Tuniberg

(both opposite Colmar in Alsace)

96
Q

How and where are the best vineyards of Baden situated? (incl Spätburgunder)

A

They are on the south facing slope of Kaiserstuhl (an extinct volcano)

97
Q

What is the most widely planted variety in Baden?

A

Spätburgunder

98
Q

After Spätburgunder, what are the most widely planted varieties in Baden, listed in descending order? (4)

A
  1. Müller-Thurgau
  2. Grauburgunder
  3. Weißburgunder
  4. Riesling
99
Q

Which variety can be used for GG wines in Baden?

A

A range of black and white varieties can be used

100
Q

What is unusual about Franken in relation to the rest of Germany?

A

Riesling is neither most widely planted, nor is it considered to be prestigious

101
Q

What is seen as the top wine grape of Franken?

A

SILVANER

102
Q

What are the key viticultural characteristics of Silvaner?

flowering, ripening, frost susceptibility

A
  • Early flowering
  • Early ripening
  • Susceptible to frost damage
103
Q

What is the result of Silvaner being planted in the warmest sites of Franken?

A

It is able to a concentration rarely achieved elsewhere in Germany

104
Q

Where are the best wines of Franken?

A

From the south-facing slopes around Würzburg

105
Q

Describe the best wines of Franken

sweetness, body,flavour

A
  • Dry
  • Richness on the palate
  • With an earthy quality
106
Q

What is distinctive about the way Franken Silvaner is packaged?

A

They are bottled in distinctive flask-shaped bottles

107
Q

Which varieties can be used for GG wines? (5)

A

MANY

  1. Silvaner
  2. Riesling
  3. Weißburgunder
  4. Grauburgunder
  5. Spätburgunder
108
Q

How are German PGI wines labelled?

A

Landwein

109
Q

How is German wine without a GI labelled?

A

Deutscher Wein

110
Q

How many delimited regions are there for German PDO wines?

A

13

111
Q

What is the big difference between Germany’s delimited regional PDO system and France’s?

A

Germany’s is not linked to specific grape varieties

112
Q

How are German wines typically labelled?

A

Varietally and classified by minimum must weight at harvest

113
Q

What are the 2 fundamental levels in the German classification system?

A
  1. Qualitätswein

2. Prädikatswein

114
Q

How is the Prädikatswein level divided?

A

Into 6 Prädikat levels

115
Q

What must appear on a German PDO label? (2)

A
  1. The name of the region
  2. For Prädikatsweine, the Prädikat level

Varietal labelling is common

116
Q

What is the Feinherb (as a labelling term in Germany)?

A

Feinherb is an alternative to Halbtrocken

Some producers believe ‘Halbtrocken’ has an association with lower quality wines

117
Q

Other than written indications, how else may sugar levels be deduced for a German wine?

A
  • the Prädikat level
  • wine category
  • alcohol level
118
Q

When stated on German labels, how is vineyard location expressed?

Give an example

A

Village name followed by vineyard name

E.g. Piesporter, Goldtröpfchen

119
Q

List in order, German categories by minimum must weight, from lowest to highest

Include what sweetness style they can be made into

A

Qualitätswein - dry to medium sweet

Prädikatswein:
Kabinett - dry to medium sweet
Spätlese- dry to medium sweet
Auslese - dry to sweet
Beerenauslese - sweet only
Eiswein - sweet only
Trockenbeerenauslese - sweet only
120
Q

Which German organisation has attempted to address the issue of labelling quality indications? Who are they?

A

Verband Deutscher Prädikatsweingüter (VDP)

A group of producers who have classified the vast majority of the best vineyard sites in Germany

121
Q

For which wines may Grosses Gewächs be used? How does it appear on labels?

A

Dry Qualitätsweine from the best vineyard sites ‘GG’ and a bunch of grapes embossed on the neck of the bottle

2019-06-03 WSET3 EXAM (52 decks)

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