C3 - Alkali Metals & Halogens

Question 0

What are the 2 things that change as you go down group 1?

Answer 0

They become more reactive

They have lower melting and boiling points

Question 1

What are alkali metals?

Answer 1

Group 1 metals (one outer electron)

Question 2

What are the 2 other basic properties of the alkali metals and why?

Answer 2

Very reactive (1 outer electron)

Low density

Question 3

Why do alkali metals get more reactive as you go down?

Answer 3

The outer electron is further from the nucleus so it is more easily lost

Question 4

How are alkali metals stored and transferred?

Answer 4

Stored in oil and handled with tongs etc.

Question 5

Describe what is produced when alkali metals react with non-metals by ionic bonding

Answer 5

White compounds that dissolve in water to form colourless solutions

Question 6

Describe what happens in terms of chemistry when an alkali metal is put into water

Answer 6

The alkali metals and water react to form a metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas (H^2)

The metal hydroxide dissolves in water to give alkaline solution

For example, 2Na + 2H^2O –> 2NaOH(aq) + H^2

Question 7

Describe what can be seen when an alkali metal reacts with water

Answer 7

The alkali metal floats around the surface, fizzing

The hydrogen gas that is given off is ignited by the heat of the metal to produce tiny explosions (pops)

Question 8

What are halogens?

Answer 8

Group 7 (7 outer electrons)

Question 9

What are the 2 things that change as you go down group 7?

Answer 9

Less reactive

Higher melting and boiling points

Question 10

Why do the halogens get less reactive as you go down?

Answer 10

Harder to gain other electron because outer shell is further from nucleus

Question 11

Describe the features of fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine

Answer 11

Fluorine is a very reactive, poisonous yellow gas

Chlorine is a fairly reactive, poisonous dense green gas

Bromine is a dense, poisonous, red-brown volatile liquid

Iodine is a dark grey crystalline solid or a purple vapour

Question 12

What is common about the way that the halogens naturally are?

Answer 12

They are all diatomic (exist as pairs of atoms)

Question 13

What is a halide?

Answer 13

A halogen ion (1- charge)

Question 14

What can the more halogens do?

Answer 14

Displace less reactive ones

Question 15

Describe how more reactive halogens displace less reactive ones

Answer 15

The more reactive halogen is fed as a gas into a solution of a salt of the less reactive halogen

2 solutions are formed: the less reactive halogen (diatomic still) and the same salt solution but with the more reactive halogen

Question 16

What are the 4 main chemical properties of transition metals?

Answer 16

Good conductors of heat and electricity

Dense, strong and shiny

Much less reactive than alkali metals

Generally higher melting points than alkali metals

Question 17

What are the 3 other properties of transition metals?

Answer 17

Usually have more than one ion (like Fe^2+ and Fe^3+)

Compounds of them are very colourful due to the transition metal ion

Transition metals and their compounds are very good catalysts