B1 - Exam Mistakes Flashcards
Describe the function of receptors in the skin. 2 marks
Detect changes in surroundings
Converts this information to impulse
How can doctors reduce the number of bacteria that become resistant to antibiotics? 2 marks
Ensure antibiotic course is completed
Reduce use for non-serious infections
What are the 2 types of effector and what do they do? 4 marks
Muscles (contract / relax)
Glands (secrete hormones)
What is a gene? 2 marks
Part of a chromosome
That controls one characteristic
What is a balanced diet? 2 marks
Contains right amount of different nutrients
Contains right amount of energy
Give an artificial use of a steroid hormone in the body
Stimulate muscle growth
Which part of a liver cell is responsible for controlling production of reductase?
Nucleus
How do statins work?
Reduce production of cholesterol by the liver
Give 3 reasons why shorter food chains have a larger biomass at the top
Lost in waste
Lost in respiration
Some parts aren’t edible
Describe how decay releases heat. 3 marks
Microorganisms
Microorganisms respire
Decay releases heat
Suggest 2 advantages to the whole population being vaccinated against a disease
Less chance of epidemic
Less chance of spread of disease
Explain how a vaccination prevents infection. 3 marks
White blood cells produce antibodies
Antibodies produced RAPIDLY on re-infection
These antibodies QUICKLY kill pathogens
Why do antibiotics become less useful at treating an infection if the antibiotic is overused?
Bacteria develop resistance to antibiotic
Describe how information passes from one neurone to another. 3 marks
Release of chemical from first neurone
Chemical diffuses across synapse
Chemical attached to next neurone causing inpulse
What was the drug thalidomide originally developed to treat?
Sleeping pill
What was it found out that thalidomide could also treat?
Morning sickness
What happens in the body to make someone dependent on a drug?
Changes to chemical processes
Describe natural selection. 4 marks
Mutations in population
Mutations that causes advantageous characteristics are more likely to survive
The survivors breed more
They pass on the genes for the characteristics
Describe how genetic engineering is done. 3 marks
Gene cut out
From chromosome
Gene added at early stage of development
Give 2 ways that people can live longer
Increase exercise
Have a balanced diet
Give the 4 main features of asexual reproduction
No fusion of gametes
Only one parent
No mixing if genetic material
No genetic variation
Give 2 reasons why IVF clinics are trying to reduce multiple births
Multiple births lead to low birth weight
Possible harm to mother / fetus
Why are there areas on the agar jelly where no bacteria are growing?
Bacteria killed / destroyed
Why will vaccination against measles not protect against rubella?
Antibodies are specific
Suggest 2 reasons that decay is faster in tropical rainforests
More warm and moist conditions
More material to digest
Give 3 variables that need to be controlled in an investigation about covering the tips of shoots
Light intensity
Age of plant
Type of plant
Explain how shoots bend towards the light as they grow. 4 marks
Auxin stimulates growth
Unequal distribution of auxin in the tip
Auxin accumulates on other side of tip to light
The side of the shoot not exposed to light grows more than other side so the plant bends towards light as it grows
Explain why a resistant strain of bacteria can spread rapidly. 3 marks
Bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics because of their mutation survive
These bacteria REPRODUCE
The resistant strain can then spread without the antibiotics stopping them
What are the 2 concerns of genetically modifying animals?
Modifications could pass to other species that we wouldn’t want it to happen to
Could effect food chains and put stress on many species in the food chain
Suggest an explanation for the changes in break sizes between 1976 and 1978. 4 marks
Describe natural selection
Give 3 reasons that done energy is not passed up a food chain
Lost via respiration
Lost via animals waste
Contained in inedible parts of animals so not all available energy is consumed
Give a non-environmental factor that affects a plant
Genes (genetic variation)
Why would a range be smaller if the number of things done to give that range is higher?
Results are more repeatable so range is smaller
Why would energy needed per day per gram of body mass be higher for a smaller animal?
Larger surface area to lose heat from
More heat loss means more energy has to be replaced
