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Biology > C17 - Photosynthesis > Flashcards

C17 - Photosynthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

Why do you living organisms need energy

A

Active transport
DNA replication
Cell division
Protein synthesis

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2
Q

What is the enzyme that hydrolyses ATP

A

ATPase

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3
Q

What is the enzyme that synthesises ATP and what are its reactants

A

ATP synthase, ADP and Pi

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4
Q

Why is ATP a good source of energy

A

Small quantities of energy – efficient
Easily hydrolysed – single step reaction
Small and soluble – easily transported

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5
Q

Give two ways chloroplasts are adapted for function

A

Network of membranes – high surface area – max absorption of light
Contain photosynthetic pigment to absorb light

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6
Q

What are the flattened membraneous sacks in chloroplasts called and what are their stacks called

A

Thylakoids

Grana

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7
Q

What are lamellae

A

Membranes that join Grana

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8
Q

What is the fluid in chloroplasts called

A

Stroma

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9
Q

What is chlorophyll and what is its function

A

Photosynthetic pigment
Absorbs specific wavelengths of light
Absorbs red and blue, reflects green

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10
Q

name one primary and one accessory photosynthetic pigment and where they are located

A

Primary – chlorophyll a in reaction centre

Secondary chlorophyll b in thylakoid membrane

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11
Q

What is the role of accessory pigments

A

Absorb maximum light by absorbing a range of colours

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12
Q

What is the difference between photosystem i and photosystem II in the light dependent reaction

A

Photosystem I I – lower energy level, first photosystem – noncyclic phosphorylation
Photosystem I - second, higher energy level

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13
Q

What are the three steps in the light dependent reaction

A

Photoionisation of chlorophyll
Synthesis of ATP
Photolysis of water

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14
Q

What happens in the photoionisation of Chlorophyll

A

PSII absorbs light energy
Energy causes electrons to become excited, with sufficient energy they leave
High energy electrons pass along electron transport chain
Energy released used to pump H+ ions across the thylakoids membrane

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15
Q

How is ATP is synthesised in the light dependent reaction

A

Chemiosmosis causes flow with H+ ions across thylakoid membrane
Ions cause a conformational change
ATP synthase synthesise ATP from ADP and PI

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16
Q

Where do the electrons to replace those lost in PS1 come from

A

End of electron transport chain from PS I I

17
Q

Where do electrons come from to replace those lost in psII

A

Photolysis of water

18
Q

Where do electrons go after being passed down PSI transport chain

A

Combined with H+ and NADP to make NADPH

19
Q

What happens in the photolysis of water

A

Water split into H+, e- and O2 using energy from sun

20
Q

Describe the process of cyclic phosphorylation

A

Energy from the Sun absorbed by psi
Electrons excited, passed along electron transport chain
Given back to psi
Energy released used for chemiosmosis and synthesis of ATP

21
Q

What word describes the loss of electrons from chlorophyll when A light shines on it

A

Photoionisation

22
Q

What stages is the light independent stage of photosynthesis made of

A

Calvin cycle
One – CO2 fixation
Two – reduction of GP
Three – regeneration of RuBP

23
Q

What happens in CO2 fixation in the Calvin cycle

A

CO2 enters
RuBP (5C) fixes to C in CO2
Carboxylation reaction
Catalysed by RuBP

24
Q

What happens during reduction of GP in the Calvin cycle

A

GP to TP
Uses energy from ATP—> ADP +Pi
Uses H+ from NADPH—> NADP

25
Q

What happens during the regeneration of RuBP in Calvin cycle

A

TP (6C) to RuBP (5C) +C
C goes to forming organic molecules (eg. Glucose)
Uses energy from ATP—> ADP +Pi

26
Q

What are the uses of glucose

A 
Substrate for aerobic respiration
Cellulose production
Store amylase and amylopectin
Make sucrose
Stored as lipids
Make amino acids and proteins
Synthesis of nucleic acids
27
Q

What are the three factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis

A

Light intensity
Concentration of CO2
Temperature

28
Q

How does light intensity affect the rate of photosynthesis

A

Needed for ATP and NADPH production in light dependent reaction

29
Q

How does the concentration of CO2 affect the rate of photosynthesis

A

Needed for carbon fixation in Calvin cycle

30
Q

How does temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis

A

Affects rate of enzyme controlled reactions (e.g. carbon fixation and RuBP)
However too hot and will denature

31
Q

Is water a factor that will affect the rate of photosynthesis

A

No.
Although water is required it is never considered a limiting factor because the stomata will have closed so no CO2 will be able to enter

32
Q

How will reducing light intensity affect the concentration of the products in the Calvin cycle

A

Increased GP

Reduced RuBP and TP (ATP needed for their synthesis coming from LDR)

Biology (17 decks)

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