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Biology > 2 - Basic Component of Living Systems > Flashcards

2 - Basic Component of Living Systems Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the role of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

(Ribosomes bound to outside)

Synthesis and transport of proteins

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2
Q

What is the general structure of endoplasmic reticulum?

A
  • network of membranes
  • enclosing sacks called cisternae
  • connected to the membrane of the nucleus
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3
Q

What is the role of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A

carbohydrate and lipid synthesis and storage

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4
Q

Describe the structure of the mitochondria

A
  • double membrane
  • inside membrane folded into cristae
  • filled with a fluid called a matrix
  • cristae contain enzymes needed for aerobic respiration
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5
Q

Describe the role and structure of vesicles

A
  • membraneous sacks
  • single membrane filled with fluid
  • storage and transport roles
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6
Q

-Where are lipids and carbohydrates synthesised?

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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7
Q

Where are proteins synthesised and transported from?

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

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8
Q

Which organelle produces ribosmomes

A

Nucleus (in nucleolus)

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9
Q

Define metabolism. Give 3 examples.

A

All the chemical reactions that take place within a cell

  • respirations
  • photosynthesis
  • protein synthesis
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10
Q

Define metabolite

A

A necessary or essential part of metabolism

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11
Q

The nucleus is surrounded by what structure? Why?

A

Nuclear envelope

-protects from damage from the cytoplasm

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12
Q

What is the structure fo the golgi appartus

A
  • similar to SER
  • compact
  • formed of cisternae
  • cis face (receiving vesicles)
  • trans face (expelling vesicles)
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13
Q

How is DNA transported in and out of the nucleus?

A

Transcribed into RNA so it is small enough to be exported through pores in the nuclear envelope

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14
Q

What is the role of the mitochondria?

A
  • final site of respiration

- energy from bonds in organic molecules converted to ATP

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15
Q

Describe the structure of the nuclear envelope

A
  • contains pores to allow molecules to move in and out

- surrounds the nucleus - protects it from damage

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16
Q

Where are proteins synthesised?

A

Ribosomes

17
Q

How does an SEM microscope work?

A

Bounces electrons off the sample for a 3D image

18
Q

Define TEM

A

Transmission Electron Microscope

19
Q

Define SEM

A

Scanning Electron Microscope

20
Q

Give 2 advantages of a TEM microscope

A
  • best mag (about 500,000x)

- best res (0.5nm)

21
Q

Give one advantage of an SEM microscope

A

produces a 3d image

22
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A
  • contains coded genetic information

- directs the synthesis of proteins

23
Q

What are lysosomes and what are their roles?

A
  • specialised forms of vesicles (membraneous sacs)
  • Carry hydrolytic enzymes to catalyze hydrolysis reactions
  • responsible for breaking down waste
24
Q

What is the structure of ribosomes? What are their roles

A
  • found in the cytoplasm or attached to the RER
  • made of RNA molcules
  • NOT membrane bound

SITE OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

25
Q

How does a TEM microscope work?

A

Fires electrons through sample

26
Q

What is a dry mount and how is it prepared?

A
  • solid whole specimens

- sectioned and placed on slide

27
Q

What is a wet mount?

A

Specimen suspended in oil or water

28
Q

What are 2 advantages of wet mounts?

A
  • can be seen in motion

- more detail (oil)

29
Q

How do you prepare a smear slide adn what would you use it for?

A
  • use edge of slide to spread a thin layer of specimen

- eg. blood

30
Q

How would you prepare a squash slide?

A
  • wet mount prepared

- covered with slip and pressure applied from above

31
Q

What is differential staining useful?

A

Able to distinguish between 2 types of organism

32
Q

In microscopy, what is contrast?

A

The difference in shade between 2 objects

33
Q

What is resolution?

A

The smallest distance between two objects that can be seen as seperate

34
Q

Explain how diffraction limit resolution (5)

A 
Diffraction happens when light passes through an object
This causes rays to spread out
Light rays overlap
Objects not seen as separate
Causes blurring
35
Q

Outline the basic concepts of cell theory

A

Cell is basic unit of life
Both animal and plant tissue is made from cells
Cells only develop from existing cells

36
Q

Describe the role of the two different lenses in compound microscopes and why they are present

A

Objective lens - magnifies sample
Eye-piece lens - magnifies image from eye-piece lens

Combined, this gives a large overlap magnification

Biology (17 decks)

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