Building Systems Flashcards
Each pair of external columns supports long spanning beam or girders; suitable for long narrow building desired
One Way Beam System
Two layer system, beam frame into girder increase floor depths and more space for mechanical systems; contribute lateral stabilty
Two Way Beam System
Large column free space required, long spanning plate girder carry primary beam, turn support layer of secondary beam
Three Way Beam System
Top covering of the building; protection from weather, oldest components of buildings
Roof
Horizontal line of intersection between two sloping planes of a roof
Ridge
Inclined projecting angle adjacent sloping sides of a roof
Hip
Intersection of two inclined roof surafce toward rainwater flows
Valley
Triangular portion of wall enclosing end of pitched roof from ridge to eaves
Gable
Projecting structures built out from sloping roof, housing vertical window
Dormer
Inclined projecting edge of roof
Rake
Roof Having single slope
Shed
Overhanging edge of the roof
Eave
Underside of an overhanging roof eave
Soffit
One sloping plane roof
Shed
Single slope on each side of central ridge; with gable on one or both ends
Gable/ Pitch Roof
Slopes upward from all four sides, requiring hip rafter at each corner
Hip Roof/ Hip and Valley Roof
Hipped roof four to six sloping surface terminating peak
Pyramidal Roof
Roof hipped equally all sides; pyramidal; pyramidal hipped
Pavillion Roof
Roof two pitch on each side; Great Britain Mansard Roof
Gambrel/ Curb Roof
development shed roof made into lean to roofs; factories of extra light
Saw Tooth Roof
Two shed roof slope meet at center
Butterfly Roof
Gable roof with partial hips at end of ridges; JERKINHEAD ROOF
Hipped Gable
Semi cylindrical roof similar to barrel vault
Barrel Roof
Two sided pitched roof curving gradually down ridge Gothic arch; WHALEBACK ROOF
Rainbow Roof
Hemispherical form roof in observatories
Dome
Steep roof of circular section tapers uniform base to central point
Conical Roof/ Spire
Raised Construction straddling ridge of roof, having windows and louvers for lighting or ventilating of building
Monitor
Basic framing for Roof can be done either by
Rafter or Trusses
Main Components of gable raft framing system
Ridge Board
Ridge Beam
Collar Ties
Common Rafters
Extends from Wall plate to Ridge beam and support wall sheathing and covering of a roof
Common Rafters
Usually in upper third of the rafter length
Collar Ties
Non-structural horizontal member, upper end rafters aligned and fasten
Ridge Board
Structural horizontal member supporting upper ends of rafters at ridge of the roof
Ridge Beam
Main component of hip rafter system
Hip Rafter
Jack Rafter
Hip Jack Rafter
Valley Jack Rafter
Valley Rafter
form of junction sloping sides of hip roof
Hip Rafter
Any rafter shorter than full length of roof slope, meeting hip or valley
Jack Rafter
Jack rafter extending from a wall plate to a hip rafter
Hip Jack Rafter
Extend valley rafter to ridge
Valley Jack Rafter
Connect ridge to wall plate along valley
Valley Rafter
Members usually in triangular arrangement; structural frame based of geometric rigidity of the triangle
Truss
Principal member which extends one end to other, resist bending
Chord
Members which joins top and bottom chord; vertical and web member
Web
Vertical member extending from Apex of inclined rafters to tie beam between rafter and lower ends
King Post
Horizontal member which ties two opposite common rafters halfway up the rafters
Collar Beam
Connect rafters near lower ends, vertical central member; midpoint
King Post Truss
Truss two vertical posts between rafters and tie beams,
Queen post Truss
Truss having lower and upper horizontal members between which are vertical and diagonal members
Howe Truss
Symmetrical truss supporting large sloping roofs form of three isosceles triangles
Fink TRuss/ Belgium Truss/ French Truss
Truss support pitched roof , ties cross each other
Scissors Truss
Any various upright continuous surface; serving to close, divide, or protect and area
Wall
Supports floor and roof above
Load Bearing Wall
Support only its own weight
Non Bearing Wall
Envelope of the building
Exterior/ External Wall
Any wall within the building
Interior Wall/ PArtitions
Upright post or support; structural supporting elements in partition
Stud
Uppermost horizontal member, top plate partition which joists rest
Partition cap, head, plate
Horizontal timber which serves base for studs
Soleplate
Structural element whorter than usual, above door opening or winodw
Cripple
Lumber less than 2” thk and 4-12”W; used as horizontal and vertical board siding
Wood Boards
Wood siding commonly used; horizontally and overlapped, thicker along lower edge
Bevel Siding/ Clap Board/ Lap Siding
Bevel rabbeted along lower edge to receive upper edge board
Dolly Varden Siding
Edges rabbeted to make an overlapping joint
Shiplap Siding
Mat’l such as: aluminum or vinyl; T&G/ rabbeted & overlapped lower edge interlocked with groove below it
Rustic Siding
boards interlap/interlock, have flush v groove pr beaded joints
Matched Boards
“dressed&matched boards”, planed smooth; tongue along fits groove
T&G Siding
Any saw cut in wood whose rabbetted joint is V shaped
V Cut Siding
Scalloped wood sheathing with convex forms visible
Corrugated Siding
boards with other boards and battens to protect and enhance the vertical joints
Board-board
board-batten
Square Edge Boards
Narrow battens or wood strips ttached to joints T&G sheathing
Lumber less than 4”
Board and Batten/ Batten Siding
Board emphasized, batten at back
Batten and Board
Visual equal sized board and batten
Board and board Siding or Stone Cut Siding
Panels made of wood but do not appear natural state
Wood Manufactyured Board
Panels made of wood but do not appear natural state
Wood Manufactured Board
Panels made of wood but do not appear natural state
Wood Manufactured Board
odd number of veneers glued together with grains running right angle to each other
Plywood
Form Lumber
Soft Plywood
Paneling and finishing work one face is hard finished
Hard Plywood
Exterior use where waterproof glue is used
Marine Plywood/ Exterior Grade Plywood
surface layer on interior walls and ceiling
Wall Board KNAUF Brand
Base layer in multiply construction
Backing Board
Base in multiply construction of self supporting gypsum board
Core Board
Water resistant gypsum core and water repellant face paper
Water Resistant Backing Gypsum Board
Fire rated Assemblies
Type X Gypsum
Fire protection and bracing exterior frame
Gypsum Sheathing
Permanent form in casting of concrete roof decks
Gypsum Formboard
Made wood chips exploded into fibers under steam high pressure, pressed together with no fillers equally strong but BRITTLE
Hard Board/ Ply Board
made by bonding wood particles adhesive under heat pressure, rigid board often faces with veneer
Chip Board
materials from vegetable fibers, strong but good insulating properties, usually in ceiling only
FiberBoard
Non-combustible building board, enclosed in tough smooth paper, designed used in addition of plaster; DRY WALL
Gypsum Board
composed of cement , fibers, and recycled materials
Fiber Cement Boards
From chips, curls, fibers, flakes, strands, shaving and silvers bound together and pressed
Particle Board
Consist of modular building blocks bonded together , durable and fire resistant
Masonry Walls
Plain masonry walls; incorporate horizontal joint reinforcement
Unreinforced masonry Walls
Utilize steel reinforecing bars embedded in grout filled joints and cavities
Reinforced Masonry Walls
Horizontal surface on which the stones or bricks or walls lie in courses
Bed
Continuous vertical section wall one masonry unit thick
Wythe or Tier
Connection between bricks stones and other masonry, lapping then from one another
Bond
Block masonry laid lengthwise of a wall
Stretcher
Course in which the bricks are all headers
Heading Course
Unit laid end face perpendicular to face of the wall
Soldier
Corner stones at angle of buildings
Quoins
Stones running through thickness wall at right angles to bind together
Bond Stones
Course stones places on top cornice crowning the walls
Blocking/ Blocking Course
Common types of masonry units
Concrete Blocks
Bricks
Structural units of clay or shale formed while plastic and subsequently fired, high temp 2000 degree
Bricks
Used all purpose including facing
Common/ Building Brick
Specially processed to give certain specific surface characteristics, exposed masonry surfaces
Facing Bricks
Smooth outer surface with dull satin or high gloss finish, load/fire bearing, impervious
Glazed Brick
Ordinarily made from mixture flint clay and plastic clay; lining furnace, fireplace and chimney
Fire Brick/ Refractory Brick
Consist of cement and aggregrates
Concrete Hollow Blocks (CHB)
masonry unit laid with its length in face direction of wall
Stretcher
Strip reinforced concrete wider than the wall distributes load to the soil
Wall Footing
Reinforced concrete bar end bent to provide anchorage
Hook/ Hooked Bar
Short, reinforced bar steel extend equally into two to increase strength of the joint
Dowel-Bar Reinforcement
CHB partition wall supported against lateral movement vertically and horizontally
Vertical: Stiffener Columns
Horizontal: Stiffener Beams
horizontal structural member over an opening carries weight of wall above it
Lintel
Lintel construction which have single core with an open end
Lintel Block/U block
Platic mixture of cement
Mortar
made by mixing Portland cement, sand and water
Cement Mortar
Mixture of lime, sand and water rarely used for slow rate of hardening
Lime Mortar
Cement mortar to which lime is added to increase plasticity and water retention
Cement Lime Mortar
Propriety mix of Portland cement and other ingredients
Masonry mix
High strength Mortar
Type M
Medium High Strength Mortar
Type S
Medium Strength Mortar
Type N
Low Strength Mortar
Type O
Very Low Strength Mortar
Type K
Exterior Non load bearing wall; may rest or hung from structure
Panel Wall
Exterior non load bearing walls whose outer surface face outer building
Masonry Panel Wall
Two types of masonry panel walls
Stone Masonry
Pre-Cast Masonry
Natural/Artificial stone slabs which anchored to building structure
Stone Masonry Panels
Ordinary reinforced or pre-stressed wall units may span to one to several floors
Pre-Cast Masonry Panel Wall
Exterior non load bearing walls made up of panels directly to structure adjustable attachment or mounted on support
Panel Curtain Walls
Transparent glass and frame incorporated wall panel
Window Type Panel
Panel made of one materials
Skin Type Panel
Panel made up of assembly of several materials
Sandwich Type Panel
Sandwich panel with top and bottom edges closed
Open Sandwich Type
Sandwich closed except weep holes and vents
Closed Sandwich Type
Preassembly of several panel of any type
Wall units
Method of installation where mullions and horizontal rails are installed first
Stick Type
Gauge Commonly used for roofing
Gauge 26
Shapes=
Profiles
Tile roofing consists of clay or concrete overlap or interlock to create strong textural pattern; fire resistant durable and little maintenance; heavy and require roof framing
Clay/Cement Tile Roofing
265x165mm; referred as double lap tiles
Plain/ Flat Tile
Tiles overlap the next tile in same course
Overlapping
Tiles fully interlocking bars, single lap tiles
Interlocking
The shape most commonly associated with historic clay roofing tiles
Pan Tile
S shape tile where one interlockings with other
Spanish/ S Tile
Tiles where one half cylinder overlaps another inverted half to form cover and pan
Barrel/ Mission Tile
Formed and site cast in same manner as concrete floor system
Roof Decks
considered impermeable does not permit passage or flow of water thru pores and voids
Waterproofing of Concrete
Property of concrete in engrossing of water into its pores
Absorption of a mortar
Waterproofing through:
Dense Concrete
Coatings and Washes
Integral Waterproofing Compounds
Membrane Waterproofing
