Building construction 2 concepts Flashcards
external and internal forces are called
external-load
internal-stress and strain
stress define
force per unit area that produces deformation
strain define
% of elongation that occures when a material is stressed
four types of forces
compression
tension
torsion
shear
compressive vs tensile vs torsional vs shear
squeeze
stretch
twisting
opposing forces pull opposite directions
fire resistance is closely related to
mass
shear walls resist
lateral loads
classifications of load
axial
eccentric
axial load is
force passes through center of section. perpendicular to the plane. applied evenly
eccentric load
perpendicular but not pass through center. bending support members
IF design load is 1/10 of tested strength, the safety factor is? what if 1/2?
10/2
a bent beam has what two forces
compression top and tension bottom
capacity increases by the
square of its depth and in direct proportion to width
beams simple vs continuous
simple 2 points
cont 3 or more points
fixed beam
supported and rigidly fixed two points
bracket
diagonal support
joist
beam of wood or steel
girder
beam that support other beams
lintel
spans opening masonry wall
grillage
series closely spaced beams to carry heavy load
cantilever
rigid support one end
suspended beam
simple with one or both ends suspended on a tension member
transfer beam
moves load laterally
distribution of loads on a beam
8 units
4 concentrated center
2 on cantilever
1 end of unsupported end cantilever