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PYT-Derma > Btr Dermatology > Flashcards

Btr Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

Epidermal melanin unit

A

1:36

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2
Q

Name the layers of epidermis

A

Stratum corneum,lucidum,granulosum,spinosum,basale.

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3
Q

Spinosum is named such becoz of
AutoAb against dsg causes?

A

Desmoglein
Pemphigus vulgaris

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4
Q

Cells present in basale layer
Their CD marker
These CD markers also present in ?

A

Merkel cells
Melanocytes
CK7 -
CK20+
Ca colon

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5
Q

Name the cells present in stratum spinosum
What kind of cells are they ?
Name the CD marker
Name the protein present and the granules that contain it ? Name their ch. shape?

A

Langerhan cells
They are APC
CD207- langerin protein
Birbeck granules -tennis racquet shaped

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6
Q

Name the thickest layer

A

Spinosum

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7
Q

Name the 2 types of granules present in stratum granulosum ?

A

Keratohyaline granules
Lamellar bodies aka- Odland bodies

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8
Q

Keratohyaline granules contain ?
Absence /defect / mutation / antibodies against — fillagrin leads to ?

A

Fillagrin protein
Ichthyosis

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9
Q

Lamellar bodies (odland bodies ) absence leads to ?

A

Asteatotic eczema

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10
Q

Layer present only in palms and soles

A

Lucidum

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11
Q

Epidermal turnover time

A

56 days

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12
Q

Define parakerstosis
Conditions in which it manifests ?

A

Retained nucleus in st.corneum
Psoriasis

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13
Q

Define hyperkeratosis
seen in conditions?

A

Thickened stratum corneum
Psoriasis, lichen planus

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14
Q

Define orthokeratosis?
Seen in conditions?

A

Hyperkaratosis - (minus) parakeratosis
Lichen planus

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15
Q

Psoriasis
Features seen in stratum corneum
Describe the micro abscesses seen in psoriasis
Trapper: Micro abscess seen in mycosis fungoides
What are rete ridges?
Agranulosis seen in psoriasis is seen in which layer?
M/c type ?
Guttate psoriasis a/w? DoC ?
Pustular psoriasis a/w? What is it called when occur in pregnancy ? DOC?

A

Hyper keratosis, parakeratosis
Spongiform pustules of kogoj— in spinous / granular layer
Munro microabscess - in stratum corneum
Pautriers microabscecs - mycosis fungoides
Rete ridges- elongation of epidermis into dermis—are club shaped/ camel foot shaped
Agranulosis - absence of granulosuum layer
Psoriasis vulgaris
Guttate psoriasis- URTI, DOC - Macrolides
Psoriasis a/w sudden withdrawal of steroids- pustular psoriasis - in pregnancy it’s c/a - impetigo herpetiformis, DOC- acitretin (teratogenic - needs washout period of 3 yrs ) , DOC in pregnancy - steroids
Erythematous papulosquamous lesion with silvery scales - hallmark feature
Nail changes - Irregular pitting (( regular pitting seen in - alopecia areata ))
Oil drop changes
Subungual hyperkeratosis
Psoriatic arthropathy— m/c joint - distal interphalangeal joint
Grattage test - auspitz sign
Berkeley membrane

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16
Q

Lichen planus
What feature Sean in stratum corneum?
What happens to granular layer?
What are Max Joseph space? Why are they seen?
What are apoptotic bodies seen c/a?

Describe the lesion?

Nail changes ?

Oral lesions ?

A/w ?

A

Orthokeratosis
Hypergranulasis- responsible for wickham’s striae
Max Joseph space - empty spaces in basal layer that happens d/t degenerating basal cells - seen d/t basal cell degeneration
Civatte bodies - apoptotic cells

6’p’s - planar, papulosquamous,purple, pruritic,

Nail changes - pterygium , pup tenting

Oral lesion - non scrappable , lacy pattern

A/w- hep c

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17
Q

Name 5 annular lesions and how to differentiate them?

A

Erythema nodosum
Erythema marginatum
Erythema multiforme
Erythema migrants
Erythema gyratum repens

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18
Q

Erythema nodosum
Associations -?
Describe the lesion?

A

They are tender lesion in the shin area - it’s a panniculitis- inflammation of subcutaneous fat
Drugs-sulfa
Sarcoidosis - lofgren syndrome - b/l hilar lymph nodes + erythema nodosum
IBD
TB
Behcet’s dis

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19
Q

Heerfordt’s syndrome
Seen in ?

A

B/l facial nv. Palsy
Sarcoidosis

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20
Q

Name the lesion ?
Annular lesion a/w acute rheumatic fever , cardiac murmur , chorea
Evanescent transient lesion

A

Erythema marginatum

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21
Q

Name two true target lesions?

A

Erythema multiforme
Erythema migrans

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22
Q

Name the lesion a/w HSV, mycoplasma, chloroquine, NSAIDs

A

Erythema multiforme
See the image -for identification

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23
Q

A/w bull’s eye maculopathy

A

Chloroquine

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24
Q

Annular lesion a/w Lyme’s dis - earliest presentation

A

Erythema migrans

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25
Q

What is erythema gyratum repens?

A

Skin manifestation of underlying adeno ca - paraneoplastic syndrome

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26
Q

Washout period required for isotretinoin, acitretin

A

Isotretinoin - 1 month
Acitretin-3 yrs

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27
Q

Koebner’s phenomenon -what is it ?
Is also c/a ?
Seen with ?

What is reverse koebner?

A

Lesion increases with trauma
Isomorphic phenomenon
Lichen planus , psoriasis , vitiligo

Lesion heals on trauma — seen in psoriasis

28
Q

Pseudo koebner - what is it ?
Seen with ?

A

It appears as if it’s increasing with trauma but it’s - inoculating
Viral warts - HPV —- not true isomorphic phenomenon —it’s autoinoculation

29
Q

Image -nodular lesion on skin - dx?
Histo path img pattern ?

A

Lichen Nitidus
H/p - claw cluching a ball patten

30
Q

Diagnose
Herald patch -cigarette paper scales/ Collarette of scales
Christmas tree pattern
Spares palms and soles

A/w -?
Mx-?

A

P.Rosea

HHV -6/7

Conservative

31
Q

Christmas tree pattern - skin
Cataract
Urinary bladder

A

Skin - pityriasis rosea
Cataract - myotonic dystrophy
Bladder - neurogenic bladder

32
Q

Diagnose lesion - image - hypo + hyper pigmented lesion

Causative ?
Koh mount app ?
SDA cx + olive oil cx app?

A

Pityriasis vesicolor

Malessezia furfur
Spaghetti and meatball app
Fried egg colonies

33
Q

Fried egg app seen at what all places ?

A

Mycoplasma
Hairy cell leukemia
Oligodendroglionma

34
Q

Child , honey crusting -img
Cause ?

A

Impetigo
Strep /staph

35
Q

Only causative of bullous impetigo ? Why ?

What is Ritter’s syndrome ?

How to differentiate between ssss and SJS-TEN ?

Define Reiter’s syndrome ? Triad? Causatives?

A

Staph - bcz staph have exfoliative toxin

Ritter’s syndrome - SSSS in infants — oral mucosal involvement -

SJS-TEN : a/w drug — oral mucosal involvement +
< 10% involved - SJS
> 30% involved - TEN

Reiter’s - occurs after pre existing gi/std infection
frequently a/w - campylobacter, shigella infection
triad - conjunctivitis , urethritis , arthritis

36
Q

Diagnose the image - well defined raised erythematous lesion

A

Erysipelas

37
Q

Folliculitis
Dx-image
Causative?
Name follicular lesions?

A

S. Aureus
Folliculitis, furuncle, carbuncle

38
Q

Furuncle:
Dx-image?

A

Lesion with pus

39
Q

Dx - image - at nape of neck
H/0 - DM

A

Carbuncle

40
Q

Dx - image

A

Meleney’s gangrene

41
Q

Wood’s lamp:
Its wavelength?
Filter made of?

A

Uv-a - 365nm
Barium silicate + NiO

42
Q

Erythrasma
What it looks like?
Causative?
Wood’s lamp - app?

A

Image - axilla
Corynebacterium Minutissimum
Coral red - on wood’s lamp

43
Q

Acanthosis nigricans :

A/w?

A

Obesity
PCOD
DM
GI adenoca

44
Q

Name the types of glands present near hair follicles

A

Apocrine - axilla , groin

45
Q

Fox fordyce dis
What is it?
Trapper - fordyce spots

A

Fox fordyce - lesions around apocrine - axilla , groin
Fordyce spots - ectopic sebaceous - seen on - lips

46
Q

Hidradenitis suppurativa

A

Axilla - sinuses

47
Q

Name 2 dis that affect ca ATPase channel - differentiate their skin lesion
Where are these channels located?

A

Darier’s dis. Hailey-hailey dis

2A2 Mutation 2C1

Skin - crop grain / ronds. Lesion Axilla- raise eryth plaques
Nail - v shape defect Nail - longitudinal line

                                          Histo        Dilapidated brick wall app

Channels located - over desmoglein - in stratum granulosum

48
Q

Causes of Scarring alopecia ?

A

Tinea capitis
Lichen planus
DLE
2° syphilis - both scarring & non scarring

49
Q

Name 2 variants of tinea capitis?
Doc : tinea capitis ?

A

Kerion » boggy tender swelling + Lymph node Swelling
» mcc: T. Mentagrophyte » hair perforation test +

Favus » crusting » scutula
»mcc: T schonlenni

Doc : Tina Capitis : griseofulvin

50
Q

Non scarring alopecia after 3 mouths of stressor: dx?

A

Telogen effluvium

51
Q

Man scarring alopecia post chemotherapy »dx?

A

Anagen effluvium

52
Q

Non scarring Hair loss in accessible areas?

A

Trichotillomania

53
Q

4 dis usually a/w one another?

A

Sjogren
Hashimoto
Type1 DM
Alopecia areata

54
Q

Alopecia areata:
Type of alopecia
Hair bulb histopath app.
Sign?
Type of pitting?
Buzzword?
A/w?

A

No inflammation, No scarring
On histopath» lymphocytes around hair bulb» swarm of bees app.
Exclamatory mark sign » at hair bulb
Regular pitting » nails
Going white overnight
Autoimmune
Sjogren, hashimoto ,type 1 DM

55
Q

Alopecia totalis

A

All scalp hair gone

56
Q

Alapecia universalis

A

All body hair gone

57
Q

Ophiasis

A

Margin of scalp gone

58
Q

Sisaipho pattern of hair loss

A

Hair loss spares the sides & back of head

59
Q

Androgen alopecia types?

A

Male pattern» Hamilton pattern » frontal receding hair line » topical minoxidil or finasteride

Female pattern » Ludwig’s pattern » parting of hair sparsens

60
Q

Finasteride MOA?

A

Inhibits enzyme 5 alpha reductase
Stops conversion of testosterone → DHT

61
Q

Name 3 Dermatophytes
What do they affect?
Describe the shape of their macroconidia & microconidia

A

Trichophyton » skin, hair, nails » pencil shaped macroconidia
Microsporum » skin, hair » spindle shaped
Epidermophyton » skin, nail »club/ cavatte shaped macroconidia

62
Q

Hair shaft infected with Dermatophyte
Ectothrix c/b ?
Endothrix c/b?

A

Hair dermatophyte »
Trichophyton» endothrix » black dot pattern
Microsporum »ectothrix » grey patch pattern

63
Q

Name the cutaneous TB manifestations?

A

Lupus vulgaris
Scrofuloderma
Lichen scrofulosorum

64
Q

Lupus vulgaris:
Describe the lesion?
Which test can be done? App?

A

M/c type in adults
Central scarring
On Diascopy: Apple jelly nodules

65
Q

Describe the lesion of tinea

A

Central clearing » annular lesion, active peripherally

66
Q

Scrofuloderma:

A

M/c cut. TB in children
Sinuses in neck region - image DX

67
Q

Lichen scrofulosorum :

A

Allergic form of TB » its hypersensitivity reaction against TB
Its a tuberculide

PYT-Derma (35 decks)

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