BS

Question 1

Antalgic gait

Answer 1

shortened stance phase due to pain

Question 2

Radiculopathy

Answer 2

Disease of nerve root

Question 3

Gibbus deformity

Answer 3

pronounced, adulated thoraco-lumbar kyphosis

Question 4

Subluxation

Answer 4

Displacement of articular joint surfaces with some contact- partial dislocation

Question 5

Arthrodesis

Answer 5

Surgical fixation of joint, bone fusion

Question 6

Athroplasty

Answer 6

Surgical reconstruction or replacement of malformed or degenerated joint

Question 7

No mans land of hand

Answer 7

Fibrous sheet of flexor tendons of hand

Question 8

Translation

Answer 8

Sliding of fracture fragments- % and direction of slide

Question 9

Shortening

Answer 9

Length of bone shorter as result of fracture fragments sliding past eachother

Question 10

Rotation

Answer 10

Fracture along axis of long bone- described in degrees from distal fragment

Question 11

Angulation

Answer 11

Angular deformity of fracture. Displacement from normal axis of distal fragment

Question 12

Alignment/ displacement

Answer 12

Misalignment of bone- goal to realign

Question 13

Malunion

Answer 13

Fracture ends do not heal together

Question 14

Apposition

Answer 14

Amount of end to end contact of fracture- described in percent

Question 15

Stress fx

Answer 15

Small fracture due to repetitive use. Typically weight bearing bones

Question 16

Pathologic

Answer 16

Break due to abnormal condition weakening bone

Question 17

Compression

Answer 17

Weak bone crumples under force of gravity- common in spine, osteoporosis

Question 18

Comminuted

Answer 18

Multiple fragments

Question 19

Transverse

Answer 19

Line perpendicular to axis of long bone- 2 fragments

Question 20

Oblique

Answer 20

Fracture line diagonal to axis of long bone

Question 21

Greenstick

Answer 21

Incomplete breakage of bone in children- soft flexible bone

Question 22

Torus/ buckle

Answer 22

Cortex of bone collapses, commonly due to trauma

Question 23

Spiral

Answer 23

Fracture plane like corkscrew- due to twist or rotational force

Question 24

Remodeling

Answer 24

Resorption and replacement of bone

Question 25

Callus

Answer 25

Connecting bridge of bony material during fracture repair- 2 weeks after injury

Question 26

Radiography

Answer 26

Ionizing radiation passed through area of interest. Denser material whiter. Good for bones

Question 27

Radiodensity

Answer 27

Materials with higher atomic numbers appear whiter on film

Question 28

Radiolucent

Answer 28

lower atomic numbers, more permeable to x-rays, darker

Question 29

Black on x-ray

Answer 29

gas & air

Question 30

Grey-black on x-ray

Answer 30

Fat plates

Question 31

Grey-white

Answer 31

fluid, soft tissues, muscles, tendons

Question 32

White

Answer 32

Bone, metal, contrast material

Question 33

CT

Answer 33

Rapid evaluation of critical patient, increase in density discrimination. Uses x-rays

Question 34

Nuclear medicine

Answer 34

Evaluates physiologic function using gamma camera.

Question 35

Bone scan

Answer 35

Indicates area of rapid cell growth- bone METs

Question 36

PET scan

Answer 36

Dx & monitoring of Cx- areas of high metabolic activity

Question 37

US

Answer 37

Using sound waves. Quick, noninvasive, very dependent on skill of technologist- Gallstones, arteries

Question 38

MRI

Answer 38

Strong magnetic field. No radiation- Cant use with metallic foreign bodies. Takes hours. Great soft tissue contrast- ligamentous and soft tissue injuries, brain and spine

Question 39

Fluoroscopy

Answer 39

Continuous x-ray image- catheter insertion, placement of devices

Question 40

Contrast studies

Answer 40

Injection of contrast medium to determine functional A&P- urinary & GI system

Question 41

Risks of radiation exposure

Answer 41

Impairment of tissue function- skin redness, hair loss, burns. Increased risk of cancer. DNA damage, release of free radicals.