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J Neuro > Brain tumours > Flashcards

Brain tumours Flashcards

1
Q

where do meningiomas arise form

which part of the brain are they found in

A

meninges (dura)

the outside bit (where the dura is) = next to the skull

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2
Q

are meningiomas usually benign or malignant

A

benign (99%)

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3
Q

what is the pneumonic for malignant meningiomas

A

CCRaP

Clear cell
Choroid
RhAbdoid
Papillary

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4
Q

common cause of malignant meningiomas

A

post radiotherapy (eg got radiotherapy as a kid)

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5
Q

presentation of meningiomas

A

asymptomatic (bc most benign)
?CN neuropathies
raised ICP symptoms - headache, blurred vision

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6
Q

investigtaions for ?meningioma

A

CT, MRI

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7
Q

CT appearance of meningioma

A

‘skull blistering’

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8
Q

MRI appearance of meningioma

A

dural tail

patent dural sinuses

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9
Q

meningioma treatment

A

surgery

?chemo if symptomatic

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10
Q

most common type of extrinsic brain tumour (outwith the brain tissue)

A

meningioma

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11
Q

which extrinsic brain tumour is associated with neurofibromatosis and presents with hearing loss

A

acoustic neuroma

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12
Q

where is the tumour in acoustic neuromas

A

nerve sheath of CN VIII

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13
Q

what is the most common type of intrinsic brain tumour (within the brain itself)

A

metastasis

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14
Q

grade I intrinsic brain tumour name (1)

A

pilocytic astrocytoma

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15
Q

who get grade I intrinsic brain tumours (pilocytic astrocytoma)

are they curable
via what method of treatment

A

kids/young adults

yes high cure rate via surgery

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16
Q

grade II intrinsic brain tumour name (2)

A

diffuse astrocytoma

oligodendroglioma

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17
Q

why MUST grade II/III tumours be removed

A

can progress to glioblastomas (grade IV tumours)

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18
Q

grade III intrinsic brain tumour name (1)

A

anaplastic astrocytoma

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19
Q

grade IV intrinsic brain tumour name (1)

A

glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)

20
Q

as you progress from grade I to grade IV intrinsic brain tumors, does prognosis improve or decrease

A

decreased
grade I curable
grade IV <1year survival

21
Q

prognosis of grade IV intrinsic brain tumour (glioblastoma)

A

<1 year

22
Q

who get glioblastomas (grade IV intrinsic brain tumour)

A

elderly

23
Q

what type of intrinsic brain tumour has calcification on MRI

what grade is it

A

oligodendroglial cell tumour

grade II (same as diffuse astrocytoma)

24
Q

in which lobe do oligodendroglial tumours occur

hence present with what symptom

A

frontal lobe

seizures

25
Q

which type of brain tumour is benign, highly vascular and associated with hippel-landau syndrome (renal carcinomas, phaemochromocytoma)

A

haemangioblastoma

26
Q

how does a cerebellar tumour present (7)

which side - ipsilateral or contralateral

A

DANISH

dysdiadochokinesis
ataxia - broad based gait 
nystagmus - do H test 
intention tremor - do finger to nose test 
slurred speech 
hypotonia - reduce tone

ipsilateral

27
Q

how does a temporal lobe tumour present

A

seizures
memory deficits
wernickes aphasia
contralateral superior quadrantanopia

28
Q

how does a frontal lobe tumour present

A 
personality changes 
brocas aphasia (expressive aphasia)
hemiparesis - note motor not sensory bc motor is more anterior in the brain than sensory = frontal lobe
29
Q

how does a parietal lobe tumour present

A

hermisensory loss - note sensory note motor bc motor Is more anterior in the brain = frontal lobe
gertsmann syndrome - inability to write (dysgraphia), difficulty understanding maths, R/L confusion

30
Q

which lobe does a tumour in cause difficulty understanding maths, inability to write (dysgraphia) amd L/R disorientation

what is this called

A

parietal lobe tumour

gertsmann syndrome

31
Q

how does an occipital lobe tumour present

A

visual hallucinations

contralateral homonymous hemianopia

32
Q

as well as specific symptoms depending on where the tumour is, what symptom Is associated with the headache

what makes the headache worse

A

headache associated with vomiting

headache worse on coughing

33
Q

investigations for ?brain tumour

A

MRI
biopsy
fundoscopy - for papilloedema

34
Q

which investigation is diagnostic of the type of brain tumour

A

biopsy - MRI just confirms theres one there

35
Q

which investigation is used to confirm there is a brain tumour present

A

MRI

36
Q

what is given to patients acutely with ?brain tumour with raised ICP

A

mannitol

37
Q

treatment of all brain tumours

A

surgery to remove it +/- radiotherapy +/- chemo

just surgery fine if benign and low chance of recurrence/progression to malignancy

38
Q

what tpe of chemo is used for brain tumours

A

temozolomide (TMZ)

39
Q

what is the first line treatment for oligodendroglial tumours

A

chemo - temozolomide (TMZ)

40
Q

cerebellar tumoru

ipsilateral or contralateral

A

ipsilateral problems

41
Q

everything but cerebellar tumour

ipsilateral or contralateral

A

contralateral

42
Q

3 types of brain cancer in kids

which is more common

A

astrocytoma - common
pineal tumours - rare
germ cell tumours

43
Q

how do kids with astrocytomas present

A

tiptoeing gait

vomiting with headache

44
Q

treatment of astrocytoma in kids

A

surgery

45
Q

where is a pineal tumour

how does it look on MRI

A

in the pinea - just behind the lateral ventricles

on MRI - looks like sugar coating on pinea

J Neuro (32 decks)

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