ANATOMY - spine Flashcards
which 2 muscles allow flexion (backwards) of spine
psoas major, rectus abdominus rectus
which muscle causes lower back pain
erector spinae muscle
is erector spinae muscle deep or superficial
superficial, the muscles you can feel running down either side of your spine
what muscle is transversospinalis deep to
erector spinae muscle
what is transversospinalis in between
erector spinae muscle and posterior vertebrae
which muscle is between the anterior vertebrae and the abdominal cavity (hence is part of the posterior abdominal wall)
psoas major
which 2 back muscles are part of the posterior abdominal wall
psoas major and quadratus lumborum
where do the transversospinalis muscles attach
vertebrae AND
rib/skull/vertebrae/sacrum
in terms of roots, what types of nerves supply the muscles of the back
posterior rami
which artery supplies the anterior spine
anterior spinal artery
how many cervical vertebrae are there
7
how many thoracic vertebrae are there
12 (12 ribs)
how many lumbar vertebrae are there
5
how many sacral vertebrae are there
5 (fused)
how many coccygeal vertebrae are there
4 (fused)
normal curvature of the spine
cervical ….
cervical lordosis (inwards)
normal curvature of the spine
thoracic ….
thoracic kyphosis (outwards)
normal curvature of the spine
lumbar ….
lumbar lordosis (inwards)
normal curvature of the spine
sacral ….
sacral kyphosis (outwards)
what vertebra is the atlas
what is different about the atlas compared to other vertebrae
C1
no body or spinous process
what vertebrae is the axis
what is different about the axis compared to other vertebrae
C2
has an odontoid process (a double dens, to compensate for C1 atlas not having one)
what is the first palpable vertebrae
C7
what type of joint is between the articular processes of adjacent vertebrae
facet joint
what is the ‘hole’ in the bottom of the sacrum called
what is it used for
sacral hiatus
caudal anaesthesia
what is the outside of the intervertebral discs called
annulus fibrous
what is the inside of the intervertebral discs called
inner nucleus pulposus
what is the supraspinous ligament between
tip of spinous processes
what is the interspinous ligament between
main bit of spinous processes (not tip)
what is the ligamentum flavum between
between the lamina (under the articular processes)
what is the strong ligament of the spine called
where is it
what is its purpose
anterior longitudinal ligament
anterior aspect of spine
stops over extension of spine
where is the posterior longitudinal ligament
inside the spinal canal
weaker than anterior one
