ANATOMY - spine

Question 1

which 2 muscles allow flexion (backwards) of spine

Answer 1

psoas major, rectus abdominus rectus

Question 2

which muscle causes lower back pain

Answer 2

erector spinae muscle

Question 3

is erector spinae muscle deep or superficial

Answer 3

superficial, the muscles you can feel running down either side of your spine

Question 4

what muscle is transversospinalis deep to

Answer 4

erector spinae muscle

Question 5

what is transversospinalis in between

Answer 5

erector spinae muscle and posterior vertebrae

Question 6

which muscle is between the anterior vertebrae and the abdominal cavity (hence is part of the posterior abdominal wall)

Answer 6

psoas major

Question 7

which 2 back muscles are part of the posterior abdominal wall

Answer 7

psoas major and quadratus lumborum

Question 8

where do the transversospinalis muscles attach

Answer 8

vertebrae AND

rib/skull/vertebrae/sacrum

Question 9

in terms of roots, what types of nerves supply the muscles of the back

Answer 9

posterior rami

Question 10

which artery supplies the anterior spine

Answer 10

anterior spinal artery

Question 11

how many cervical vertebrae are there

Answer 11

7

Question 12

how many thoracic vertebrae are there

Answer 12

12 (12 ribs)

Question 13

how many lumbar vertebrae are there

Answer 13

5

Question 14

how many sacral vertebrae are there

Answer 14

5 (fused)

Question 15

how many coccygeal vertebrae are there

Answer 15

4 (fused)

Question 16

normal curvature of the spine

cervical ….

Answer 16

cervical lordosis (inwards)

Question 17

normal curvature of the spine

thoracic ….

Answer 17

thoracic kyphosis (outwards)

Question 18

normal curvature of the spine

lumbar ….

Answer 18

lumbar lordosis (inwards)

Question 19

normal curvature of the spine

sacral ….

Answer 19

sacral kyphosis (outwards)

Question 20

what vertebra is the atlas

what is different about the atlas compared to other vertebrae

Answer 20

C1

no body or spinous process

Question 21

what vertebrae is the axis

what is different about the axis compared to other vertebrae

Answer 21

C2

has an odontoid process (a double dens, to compensate for C1 atlas not having one)

Question 22

what is the first palpable vertebrae

Answer 22

C7

Question 23

what type of joint is between the articular processes of adjacent vertebrae

Answer 23

facet joint

Question 24

what is the ‘hole’ in the bottom of the sacrum called

what is it used for

Answer 24

sacral hiatus

caudal anaesthesia

Question 25

what is the outside of the intervertebral discs called

Answer 25

annulus fibrous

Question 26

what is the inside of the intervertebral discs called

Answer 26

inner nucleus pulposus

Question 27

what is the supraspinous ligament between

Answer 27

tip of spinous processes

Question 28

what is the interspinous ligament between

Answer 28

main bit of spinous processes (not tip)

Question 29

what is the ligamentum flavum between

Answer 29

between the lamina (under the articular processes)

Question 30

what is the strong ligament of the spine called

where is it

what is its purpose

Answer 30

anterior longitudinal ligament

anterior aspect of spine

stops over extension of spine

Question 31

where is the posterior longitudinal ligament

Answer 31

inside the spinal canal

weaker than anterior one