ANATOMY - meninges

Question 1

what is the purpose of meninges

where are they

Answer 1

protects the brain

between the brain and the skull

Question 2

what is the outermost layer of meninges called, lines the skull

Answer 2

dura mater

Question 3

what are the two layers of dura mater called

what is between the 2 layers of dura mater

Answer 3

periosteal dura - next to skull
meningeal dura - next to arachnoid mater

dural venous sinuses
CSF (cerebrospinal fluid)

Question 4

which layer of meninges is the toughest

Answer 4

dura mater (translates to ‘the tough mother’)

Question 5

which nerve supplies the dura mater with sensory supply

Answer 5

CNV trigeminal

Question 6

what are the 3 extensions of dura mater

Answer 6

diaphragm sellae
tentorium cerebelli
falx cerebri

Question 7

where does the diaphragm sella form a roof over

Answer 7

pituitary fossa

Question 8

what goes through the diaphragm sella

Answer 8

pituitary stalk

Question 9

what is the diaphragm sella made of

Answer 9

dura mater

Question 10

what is the tentorium cerebelli made of

Answer 10

dura mater

Question 11

where is the tentorium cerebelli on top of

Answer 11

cerebellum (little brain)

Question 12

what goes through the tentorium cerebelli

Answer 12

brain stem

Question 13

which part of the skull does parts of the tentorium cerebelli attach to

Answer 13

petrous part (ridges) of temporal bone

Question 14

where is the falx cerebri

Answer 14

between the two cerebral hemispheres

Question 15

what is the flax cerebri made of

Answer 15

dura mater

Question 16

what are the 3 attachments of the falx cerebri

Answer 16

internal occipital protuberance (posterior) 
crista galli (anterior) 
internal sagittal suture (superior)

Question 17

where is the subarachnoid space

Answer 17

between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater

Question 18

what structure is in the arachnoid mater

what is their function

Answer 18

arachnoid granulations

reabsorb CSF back into venous system (dural venous sinuses)

Question 19

where is the CSF

Answer 19

subarachnoid space

Question 20

where is the pia mater

Answer 20

right next to brain, follows gyri and sulci so cant see clearly

Question 21

what is the purpose of CSF

Answer 21

protects/cushions the brain

Question 22

what is meningitis

why is it painful

Answer 22

inflammation of the meninges

dura is stretched

Question 23

where are the dural venous sinuses

Answer 23

between the 2 layers of dura

Question 24

where does blood drain after its been in the dural venous sinuses

Answer 24

internal jugular vein

Question 25

which vessels pass through the cavernous sinuses

Answer 25

internal carotid ARTERIES

Question 26

which nerves pass through the cavernous sinuses

Answer 26

CN III, IV, V1, V2, VI

• the eye ones (II, IV, VI) and upper face (V1, V2)

Question 27

where are they cavernous sinuses

what are they

Answer 27

lateral to pituitary gland

type of dural venous sinuses

Question 28

where do the cavernous sinuses drain before they go to the internal jugular vein

Answer 28

anterior intercavernous sinus

Question 29

what clinical problem can affect the cavernous sinuses, due to their location

Answer 29

pituitary tumor

Question 30

apart from blood from the brain, where else does blood drain into the cavernous sinuses from

what is the clinical significance of this

Answer 30

face - superior and inferior ophthalmic veins

spot/laceration in the danger triangle (around nose area) = bacteria can enter the ophthalmic veins = end up in the cavernous sinuses = meningitis, cavernous sinus thrombosis, brain abscess

Question 31

where is the confluence of sinuses (dural venous sinus)

Answer 31

back of head, where superior sagittal sinus and transverse sinuses meet

Question 32

where is the superior sagittal sinus (dural venous sinus)

Answer 32

along middle/top of brain, sagittal plane

Question 33

which venous sinuses by pass the cavernous sinuses and go straight to the internal jugular vein

Answer 33

superior sagittal , inferior sagittal,

go to confluence of sinuses then internal jugular vein