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J Neuro > ANATOMY - spinal cord > Flashcards

ANATOMY - spinal cord Flashcards

1
Q

where are the 2 enlargements in the spinal cord

A

cervical - to supply the upper limbs

lumbar - to supply the lower limbs

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2
Q

at which vertebral level does the spinal cord stop

A

L1/2

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3
Q

below L1/2, what is there in the space where the spinal cord previously was

what is this called

A

nerve roots for L2-Co

cauda equina

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4
Q

where do you insert a needle for lumbar puncture

what happens when the needle is inserted

A

below L1/2

roots move to the sides

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5
Q

what is the filum terminale

A

the connective tissue between conus medullaris (end of spinal cord) to the coccyx

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6
Q

if the spinal cord has stopped, why are there still nerves in the vertebrae below L1/2

A

the nerves need to travel down to exit at the appropriate vertebral level

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7
Q

what are the spinal meninges, in order of external to internal

which 2 layers are stuck together

where is the CSF in relation to these layers

A

dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater

dura and arachnoid are stuck together

subarachnoid space - between arachnoid mater and pia mater

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8
Q

what surrounds the spinal meninges

A

epidural fat

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9
Q

what structures are contained within the epidural fat

A

internal vertebral extradural venous plexuses

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10
Q

how does the arrangement of white and grey matter differ in the spinal cord compared to brain

A

grey matter is internal
white matter is external

opposite to brain!

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11
Q

what is in white matter

how does this make it white

A

axons

covered in a myelin sheath = white

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12
Q

what shape is the grey matter in the spinal cord

A

H shaped

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13
Q

what are the 2 horns of the grey matter

A

anterior horn

posterior horn

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14
Q

what happens in the anterior horn of the grey matter

A

motor signals are sent out to body

anterior = want to be close to the action = motor signals

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15
Q

what happens in the posterior horn of the grey matter

A

sensory signals arrive from the body to go to the brain

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16
Q

what is in grey matter

A

neurons

17
Q

what are the 4 main arteries that supply the spinal cord

A

anterior longitudinal arteries
2 posterior longitudinal arteries
segmental arteries

venous drainage is the same

18
Q

where (in which layer) are the veins that drain the spinal cord

A

epidural fat

19
Q

EPIDURAL/LUMBAR PUNCTURE

what is the first layer that the needle goes through

A

supraspinous ligament

20
Q

EPIDURAL/LUMBAR PUNCTURE

what is the second layer that the needle goes through after the supraspinous ligament

A

interspinous ligament

21
Q

EPIDURAL/LUMBAR PUNCTURE

what is the third layer that the needle goes through after the interspinous ligament

A

ligamentum flavum

22
Q

EPIDURAL/LUMBAR PUNCTURE

what is the fourth layer that the needle goes through after the ligamentum flavum

A

epidural space - fat and veins

this is the final destination for epidural anaesthesia needles

23
Q

LUMBAR PUNCTURE

what is the fifth layer that the needle goes through after the epidural space

A

dura mater

24
Q

EPIDURAL/LUMBAR PUNCTURE

what is the sixth layer that the needle goes through after the dura mater

A

arachnoid mater (though basically tuck to dura mater)

25
Q

EPIDURAL/LUMBAR PUNCTURE

what is the seventh layer that the needle goes through after the arachnoid mater

A

subarachnoid space

this is the final destination for lumbar puncture needles as they are collecting a CSF sample

26
Q

where do you do a lumbar puncture at

A

L3/4

needs to be below L2 (as still spinal cord above that)
needs to be above sacrum (as sacrum is fused)

so needs to be L2-L5, go in the middle to be safe

27
Q

what is a complication of both epidural anesthesia and lumbar punctures

A

epidural haematoma

extradural venous sinus damaged = compression of spinal cord/cauda equina

28
Q

which one of the following is transected in a laminectomy;

anterior longitudinal ligament 
posterior longitudinal ligament 
annulus fibrosus 
ligamentum flavum 
dura mater
A

ligamentum flavum

29
Q

main blood supply

A

anterior spinal artery

J Neuro (32 decks)

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