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Bio 252 > Brain injury > Flashcards

Brain injury Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

3 components of intracranial volume

A

brain tissue (80%)
blood (10%)
CSF (10%)

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2
Q

what is normal ICP

A

5-15 mmHg

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3
Q

how is cerebral perfusion pressure calculated? what is the average pressure

A

MAP - ICP

60-80 mmHg

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4
Q

when does cerebral ischemia occur

A

when CPP < 50

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5
Q

what is the monro-kellie hypothesis

A

small fluctuations in tissue/fluid volume are compensated for by each other in order to maintain stable ICP

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6
Q

what are the 3 compliances of increasing intracranial pressure

A

1st compliance: displace, reabsorb, decrease secretion of CSF
2nd compliance: decrease perfusion
final consequence: compression and brain displacement

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7
Q

what is the 2nd ICP compliance limited by

A

can only decrease to 50 mmHg because after this there will be cerebral ischemia

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8
Q

what are the modifiable components of intracranial pressure

A

blood and CSF

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9
Q

how is homeostasis maintained within the cranium

A

the monro-kellie hypothesis

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10
Q

components of cushing’s reflex (triad)

A
  • widening pulse pressure
  • irregular breathing
  • bradycardia
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11
Q

what is pulse pressure

A

the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

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12
Q

what is cushing’s reflex a manifestation of

A

increased ICP

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13
Q

what is the trigger for cushing’s reflex

A

cerebral ischemia

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14
Q

what will occur right before death in the event of cerebral ischemia

A

cushing’s triad

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15
Q

a hematoma will cause loss of function where

A
  • the neural tissue affected (local)

- the part of the body controlled by that area (target site)

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16
Q

what usually causes an epidural hematoma

A

arterial loss

severed middle meningeal artery

17
Q

what usually causes a subdural hematoma

A

venous loss

18
Q

what are the 3 classifications of hematoma and their locations

A

intracerebral - within brain tissue
epidural - between cranium and dura mater
subdural - between dura mater and arachnoid mater

19
Q

which type of hematoma is due to a severed artery

A

epidural

20
Q

which type of hematoma is due to a severed vein

A

subdural

21
Q

which type of hematoma will result in encapsulation

A

subdural

22
Q

encapsulation of a hematoma will lead to what

A 
cell lysis
increased concentration of cells
cellular efflux
dehydration of surrounding brain tissue
increased ICP
23
Q

3 risk factors for hemorrhage/hematoma

A

HTN
diabetes
aging

24
Q

non modifiable risk factors for stroke

A
  • aging
  • gender
  • race
  • family history
25
Q

modifiable risk factors for stroke

A
  • alcohol
  • cocaine
  • diabetes
  • HTN
  • hyperlipidemia
  • coagulation disorders
  • smoking
  • heart disease (afib, wall motion defects)
  • carotid disease
  • obesity
26
Q

what is a stroke

name and define

A

cerebrovascular accident

an acute neurologic deficit d/t ischemia

27
Q

5 sources of cardiogenic emboli

A
  • aortic arch plaque
  • atrial fibrillation
  • valve disease
  • left ventricular thrombi
  • cardiogenic emboli
28
Q

2 complications of hemorrhagic stroke

A

coma

death

29
Q

2 concerns of hemorrhagic stroke

A

increased intracranial pressure

ischemia

30
Q

ischemic stroke is caused by

A

an occluded vessel

31
Q

ischemic stroke will have what identifier

A

a necrotic core surrounded by a penumbra

32
Q

a necrotic core will have what types of loss

A

structural and functional loss

33
Q

a penumbra will have what types of loss

A

functional loss, but structurally intact

34
Q

is a penumbra permanent

A

no

35
Q

prolonged ischemia will enlarge the

A

necrotic core

36
Q

a severed vessel will cause hemorrhage which will lead to what 3 things

A

brain compression
increased intracranial pressure
ischemia

37
Q

a transient ischemic attack is to a cerebrovascular accident as ______ is to myocardial infarction

A

angina

38
Q

a transient ischemic attack has what 2 characteristics

A
  • temporary

- reversible

Bio 252 (15 decks)

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