Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio 252 > abnormal immune response > Flashcards

abnormal immune response Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 types of abnormal immune responses

A
  • immunodeficiency
  • hypersensitivity
  • autoimmunity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is an immunodeficiency

A

a partial or complete loss of immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is a primary immunodeficiency

A
  • genetic or congenital

- the immune system fails to develop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is a secondary immunodeficiency

A
  • acquired post natal

- the IR is triggered by something else

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the 5 types of immunodeficiency disorders

A
  • B cell
  • T cell
  • T & B cell
  • complement
  • phagocytosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is a B cell immunodeficiency disorder

A

impaired antibody production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is a T cell immunodeficiency disorder

A

impaired T cell function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is someone with a T cell immunodeficiency disorder at risk of

A

cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is a T & B cell immunodeficiency disorder

A

complete impaired immune response (basically no immune system)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is a complement immunodeficiency disorder

A

the innate response is inhibited

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is a phagocytosis immunodeficiency disorder

A

disruption of phagocytosis which makes them prone to infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the treatment for immunodeficiency disorders

A
  • replacement therapy (Ab’s to supplement the immune system)

- marrow transplant (last resort)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is a hypersensitivity

A

exaggerated/inappropriate immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the 4 types of hypersensitivity

A
  • allergy (IgE mediated)
  • cytotoxic
  • immune complex
  • delayed (T cell mediated)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what type of hypersensitivity is the most common

A

type I (allergy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is a type I hypersensitivity triggered by

A

allergens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is a type I hypersensitivity mediated by

A

IgE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the 2 phases of type I hypersensitivity

A
  • mast cell sensitization

- re-exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

during what phase of type I hypersensitivity will an allergic reaction present

A

phase 2 (re-exposure)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what happens during the first phase of type I hypersensitivity

A

after exposure to the allergen, TH2 cytokines are produced which stimulate B cells and plasma cell formation
plasma cells produce IgE which attaches to and sensitizes mast cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what cells are involved with type I hypersensitivity

A
  • B cells & plasma cells

- mast cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what happens during the second phase of type I hypersensitivity

A

the allergen binds to IgE on already sensitized mast cells
this forms an immune complex
inflammation mediators are released (histamine, prostaglandin)
inflammation occurs at site of contact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is shock

A

failure of the cardiovascular system and inability to perfuse

24
Q

what are the 4 types of shock

A
  • cardiogenic (heart fx impaired)
  • hypovolemic (low blood volume)
  • obstructive (obstruction of vessels)
  • distributive (dilated vessels decreases patency)
25
Q

what is anaphylactic shock

A

a severe type I hypersensitivity reaction

26
Q

what happens during anaphylactic shock

A

an allergen causes systemic mediator release
mediators cause increased systemic vasodilation and capillary permeability
this causes systemic edema
distributive shock occurs due to low vessel patency

27
Q

what is type II hypersensitivity mediated by

A

antibodies (IgG or IgM)

28
Q

what happens during type II hypersensitivity

A

endogenous and exogenous antigens are mistargeted by antibodies - loss of self recognition
any cell bearing the immune complex is destroyed

29
Q

what is an example of type II hypersensitivity

A

incompatible blood transfusion

30
Q

what happens during type III hypersensitivity

A

some immune complexes are not degraded and move through the body depositing in tissues

31
Q

why does type III hypersensitivity occur (2 reasons)

A
  • some immune complexes are too small to be recognized

- some immune complexes are resistant to breakdown

32
Q

what are 2 examples of type III hypersensitivity

A
  • glomerulonephritis (inflammation of the kidney)

- rheumatoid arthritis (one part of this is type III)

33
Q

what is type IV hypersensitivity mediated by

A

T cells

34
Q

what happens during type IV hypersensitivity

A

any cell bearing an antigen the T cell is responding to will be destroyed (self and foreign)

35
Q

what are the 2 types of type IV hypersensitivity

A

direct

delayed

36
Q

why does delayed type IV hypersensitivity occur

A

the production of lymphokines takes a few days

37
Q

what is a TB test an example of

A

a type IV hypersensitivity

38
Q

what is an autoimmunity

A

a chronic disease where the immune system targets self antigens

39
Q

what is lost during autoimmunity

A

self tolerance

40
Q

during autoimmunity the self is recognized as

A

foriegn

41
Q

what are the 3 ways self tolerance is lost during autoimmunity

A
  • molecular mimicry
  • abnormal T cell function
  • exposure of sequestered antigens
42
Q

what is molecular mimicry (autoimmunity)

A

a cell shares a similar epitope with bacteria,

T cells get confused, antigen is mis-identified, T cell destroys the cell bearing the epitope

43
Q

what is abnormal T cell fx (autoimmunity)

A

suppressor T cell function is not optimal

cytotoxic T cells are continuously produced and target self components

44
Q

what is exposure of sequestered antigens (autoimmunity)

A

a self antigen that was hidden during development becomes exposed due to disease
exposure for the first time triggers an immune response

45
Q

what is SLE

A

lupus

46
Q

what is lupus

A

antibodies target nuclear components (widespread targeting of cells)

47
Q

what type of test can be done for lupus

A

ANA (anti-nuclear antibodies) test

48
Q

what is neoplasia

A

abnormal cell growth

49
Q

what is a neoplasm

A

a tumor (abnormal mass)

50
Q

characteristics of malignant neoplasms

A
  • undifferentiated
  • invasive, damaging
  • rapid, disorderly, continuous growth
  • metastasis
51
Q

characteristics of benign neoplasms

A
  • uncontrolled slower growth (than malignant)
  • sometimes encapsulated
  • differentiated
  • may stop growing
  • don’t spread by metastasis
52
Q

genes code for

A

proteins which carry out functions

53
Q

what are DNA repair genes

A
  • “spell check” genes

- read genetic code looking for errors and fixing them to avoid mutation

54
Q

targeting of DNA repair genes by carcinogens allows what

A

mutations to pass through

55
Q

what are proto-oncogenes

A
  • Go genes
  • promote cell growth
  • mutation = excessive cell growth = tumor
56
Q

what are tumor suppressor genes

A
  • stop genes
  • inhibit cell growth/division
  • mutation = excessive cell growth = tumor
57
Q

what are oncogenes

A

any cancer associated gene that is mutated

cause malignant growth

Bio 252 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions