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Bordeaux Flashcards

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0
Q

What was needed to make the bulk of the region suitable for viticulture by the mid-1600’s?

A

Dutch drainage system- previously swamps.

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1
Q

Bordeaux is one of France’s most important fine wine regions, and is second in volume of production only to the Languedoc. True or False

A

True

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2
Q

What are Courtiers?

A

Brokers of wine that provide the chateaux with financial backing and take control of the sale of the finished product.

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3
Q

What are en primeur sales?

A

Wine futures. Controlled by the courtiers.

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4
Q

What are the grand vins of Bordeaux?

A

A single wine that is the main effort of the great châteaux. The are usually comprised of fruit from different vineyards that the château owns- regardless of location- within a single AOP.

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5
Q

Sauternes lies at the conflux of the ______ and _________ rivers, and in promising years cool morning mists blow off the _____ and encounter the warmer waters of the _________, producing autumn afternoon humidity perfect for incubating the Botrytis spores.

A

Ciron and Garonne

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6
Q

The botrytis mold attacks the grape and dehydrates them so that what factors are heightened?

A

Sugar, acidity and glycerol.

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7
Q

Which of the following is a sweet wine appellation of Bordeaux?

  • Fronsac
  • Bordeaux Sec
  • Barsac
  • St-Émilion
  • Moulis
A

Barsac

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8
Q

Which of the following appellations is not located within the Médoc?

  • Pauillac
  • St-Julien
  • Pomerol
  • Listrac
  • Margaux
A

Pomerol

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9
Q

Which of the following first growths is not located in the Haut-Médoc?

  • Château Margaux
  • Château Haut-Brion
  • Château Latour
  • Château Lafite-Rothschild
  • Château Mouton-Rothschild
A

Château Haut-Brion

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10
Q

Where is Château Lafite-Rothschild located?

A

Pauillac

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11
Q

Which style of wine is produced as Haut-Médoc AOP?

A

Dry reds

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12
Q

What soil type is most well suited for cabernet sauvignon grapes?

A

Gravel

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13
Q

What grape typically dominates the wines of Pomerol?

A

Merlot

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14
Q

Which of the following appellations produces dry white wines?

  • Sauternes
  • Loupiac
  • Pomerol
  • Médoc
  • Entre-Deux-Mers
A

Entre-Deux-Mers

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15
Q

What is Botrytis cinerea?

A

Fungus responsible for the development of Noble Rot.

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16
Q

Which of the following appellations is located within Graves?

  • Pessac-Léognan
  • St-Emilion
  • Margaux
  • Cornas
  • St-Estèphe
A

Pessac-Léognan

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17
Q

What is the appellation of Château Lafleur?

A

Pomerol

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18
Q

What Château was ranked as “Premier Cru Supérieur” in 1855?

A

Château d’Yquem

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19
Q

Which of the following grapes is not included in the Bordeaux AOP encépagement?

  • Cabernet Sauvignon
  • Petit Verdot
  • Malbec
  • Merlot
  • Syrah
A

Syrah

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20
Q

The Cru Classé properties of Graves are located in which subappellation?

A

Pessac-Léognan

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21
Q

Where can boulbenes soil be found?

A

Graves

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22
Q

How was Château Cos d’Estournel ranked in the 1855 Médoc Classification?

A

2ème Cru. St. Estephe.

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23
Q

Which of the following is not a satellite appellation of St-Émilion?

  • St-Georges
  • Montagne
  • Francs
  • Puisseguin
  • Lussac
A

Francs

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24
Q

How many châteaux are currently ranked as “premier cru classé A” in St-Émilion?

A

4

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25
Q

What is Cérons?

  • a sweet white wine appellation in southern Graves
  • a commune of the Médoc
  • a satellite of St-Émilion
  • a subappellation of Côtes de Bordeaux
  • a dry white wine appellation in Graves
A

Sweet white wine appellation in southern Graves

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26
Q

What is Bouchet?

A

A synonym for Cabernet Franc on the Right Bank.

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27
Q

In which years did Château d’Yquem not release Sauternes?

A

1992 and 1974

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28
Q

What does “St-Émilion Grand Cru” indicate on a label?

  • the château is located in the côtes of St-Émilion
  • the estate was classified as grand cru classé in 1955
  • the estate was upgraded to grand cru classé in 2006
  • the wine is from a delimited region within the larger appellation
  • the wine is required to show a higher minimum alcohol than St-Émilion
A

the wine is required to show a higher minimum alcohol than St-Émilion

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29
Q

Which of the following is not a village in Margaux AOP?

  • Arsac
  • Labarde
  • Cantenac
  • Soussans
  • Loupiac
A

Loupiac

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30
Q

Château Chasse-Spleen is a fifth growth in Moulis-en-Médoc.

  • True
  • False
A

False

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31
Q

Where is Preignac?

  • Blaye
  • Margaux
  • St-Émilion
  • Sauternes
  • Pessac-Léognan
A

Sauternes

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32
Q

Neac is a commune within the Lalande-de-Pomerol AOP.

True or False

A

True

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33
Q

When was Château Mouton Rothschild of Pauillac reclassified as a First Growth?

A

1973

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34
Q

What are the five First Growths of 1855 Classification?

A
  • Château Lafite Rothschild, Pauillac
    • Château Latour, Pauillac
    • Château Margaux, Margaux
    • Château Haut-Brion, Graves (Pessac-Léognan since 1987)
    • Château Mouton Rothschild, Pauillac
      (reclassified from Second Growth in 1973)
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35
Q

What is the northernmost commune of the Haut-Médoc?

A

St-Estephe

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36
Q

What is the the smallest commune of the Haut-Mèdoc? Name two of the “Super Seconds”?

A

St-Julien. Léoville Las Cases & Ducru-Beaucaillou.

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37
Q

There are no classified growths in Listrac-Médoc and Moulis-en-Médoc? True or False
Name the most famous estate in Moulis-en-Médoc?

A

True. Château Chasse-Spleen.

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38
Q

Which is the largest commune of the Haut-Médoc? First growth? Third growth?

A

Margaux.

Margaux & Palmer (3ème Cru)

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39
Q

Pétrus in Pomerol has never been classified. True or False

A

True.

40
Q

Pomerol wines, in general, are dominated by what grape?

A

Merlot. Equalling 70-80% of the blend. Along with Cabernet Franc.

41
Q

What was created in 1987 as the prestige appellation of Graves?

A

Pessac-Léognan

42
Q

What are jalles?

A

Drainage ditches engineered by the Dutch which crisscross the Médoc.

43
Q

What is the Bordeaux Mixture and why is it used?

A

Lime, copper sulfate and water. To avoid fungal problems.

44
Q

What is the climate of Bordeaux?

A

Maritime. Rain a worry at harvest. Mold and Rot can be a problem. Continental towards St-Émilion and Pomerol

45
Q

What soil dominates Pomerol?

A

Sand, clay and gravel over iron pan and rich clay

Crasse de fer

46
Q

Why does Merlot perform in clay soils?

A

It delays it’s natural vigor

47
Q

What are the 6 red and 3 white grapes allowed for the Bordeaux encépagement?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Merlot, Petit Verdot, Malbec (Pressac) and Carmènere
Sauvignon Blanc, Muscadelle and Semillion

48
Q

What do limestone soils do for grapes in Bordeaux?

A

Acidity and freshness

49
Q

What does Cabernet Franc add to the Bordeaux encépagement? What soils are best?

A

Red fruit character and herbal spice. Planted in limestone soils.

50
Q

What are the wines of Bordeaux Supérieur AOP?

A

Red and off dry white. Higher minimum alcohol content than Bordeaux AOP.

51
Q

What are croupes?

A

Mounds of gravel unearthed by the Dutch during their engineering work in the area. Perfect for Cabernet Sauvignon.

52
Q

What wines are allowed for Bordeaux AOP?

A

Red, white, rosé and clairet.

53
Q

What are the typical aromas of white wines in Bordeaux?

A

Honey, beeswax, floral (from Muscadelle) and citrus (SB)

54
Q

What rivers surround the Entre-Deux-Mers AOP?

A

Garonne and Dordogne

55
Q

What AOP was created for, predominantly, red wines in 2008?

A

Côtes de Bordeaux AOP

Created in an effort to simplify labeling and act as an alternative to the luxury, high-priced wines of Bordeaux.

56
Q

What sweet white wine appellations lie On the eastern shore of the Garonne river?

A

Loupiac, Ste-Croix-du-Mont, and Cadillac.

57
Q

Sauternes AOP covers five villages….

A

Sauternes, Barsac, Fargues, Preignac, and Bommes

58
Q

The wines of Barsac may be sold as either Barsac AOP or Sauternes AOP. True or False

A

True

59
Q

sweet whites may be produced throughout Graves as Graves Supérieur AOP. True or False

A

True

60
Q

What three smaller sweet wine appellations are located within the same region as Graves Supérieur?

A

Cérons, Barsac, and Sauternes

61
Q

Unlike the Médoc appellations, both red and dry white wines may be labeled as Graves AOP. True or False

A

True

62
Q

What are the IGP zones of France?

A 
Pays d’Oc IGP, Languedoc-Roussillon
Val de Loire IGP, Loire
Comtés Rhodaniens IGP, Northern Rhône Valley, Jura and Savoie
Méditerranée IGP, Southeast France
Atlantique IGP, Bordeaux and Charente
Comté Tolosan IGP, Sud-Ouest
63
Q

What are the négociants of Bordeaux?

A

They are intermediaries, buying fruit or wine in barrel to age in their own cellars before selling the bottled wine

64
Q

What protects the Médoc vineyards from harsh west and northwesterly winds?

A

Coastal pine forests

65
Q

What is Coulure and Millerandage? What is the cause?

A

Coulure - gaps where no berries have formed. Millerandage - small, seedless berries amid a few normal berries. Both a product of springtime frosts?

66
Q

What three white grapes are limited to 30% of the blend for Bordeaux AOP?

A

Ugni Blanc, Merlot Blanc, and Colombard

67
Q

Red and off-dry white wines with a higher minimum alcohol content may qualify for the Bordeaux Supérieur AOP. True or False

A

True

68
Q

What are the five communes of Margaux, the largest appellation of the Haut-Médoc?

A

Soussans, Margaux, Labarde, Cantenac and Arsac

69
Q

Where are Château Léoville Las Cases and Château Ducru-Beaucaillou located?

A

St-Julien. Both 2ème Cru.

70
Q

What is the first identifiable vineyard of Graves?

A

Château Pape-Clément

71
Q

All Grand Cru Classé wines must meet the requirements of the St-Émilion Grand Cru AOP. True or False

A

True

72
Q

What are the four satellite appellations for St-Émilion?

A

Lussac, St-Georges, Montagne, and Puisseguin

73
Q

What are the wines of Entre-Deux-Mers?

A

Dry white wines

74
Q

What are the red wine AOPs between the Garonne and Dordogne?

A

AC Bordeaux and Bordeaux Supérieur

75
Q

What is the appellation for the narrow area hugging the left bank of the Garonne?

A

Cadillac Côtes de Bordeaux (changed from Premières Côtes de Bordeaux in 2008)

76
Q

Name the six main communes in the Haut-Medoc, North to South.

A

St. Estephe, Pauillac, St. Julien, Listrac, Moulis and Margaux

77
Q

Which Médoc commune has the most classified Châteaux?

A

Margaux

78
Q

In what year were the wines of the Graves AOP first classified?

A

First in 1953

More followed in 1959

79
Q

What is the classification of Château Gruaud-Larose?

A

2ème Cru- St. Julien.

80
Q

In what year was the Pessac-Leognan AOP created?

A

1987

81
Q

Match the Commune and classification of these Chateaux…

. Ch. Palmer 2nd St. Éstephe
. Lynch-Bages 2nd St. Julien
. Calon-Segur 3rd Margaux
. Cos d’Estournel 5th Pauillac
. Leoville-Las-Cases 3rd St. Éstephe

A 
Ch. Palmer.             3ème Margaux
Calon-Segur.           3ème St. Estephe
Cos d'Estournel.     2ème St. Estephe
Lynch-Bages.          5ème Pauillac
Léoville-Las Cases  2ème St. Julien
82
Q

Both red and dry white wines may be labeled as Graves AOP. True or False

A

True

83
Q

In which classification would you find Château de Fieuzal?

A

Pessac-Léognan

84
Q

Which Château produces “Pavillon Rouge”?

A

Chateau Margaux

85
Q

Blaye AOP is a red wine only appellation?

A

Yes

86
Q

In what year were the Chateaux of St. Émilion first classified?

A

1954

87
Q

What varietal is prominent on the Right Bank of Bordeaux?

A

Merlot

88
Q

Farques is a commune of ____________.

A

Sauternes

89
Q 
St. Julien is a .....
Commune of Sauternes 
Quality wine from the Côte de Beaune
Quality wine from Pomerol
Commune of the Médoc
A

Commune of the Médoc

90
Q

What is the most planted grape in Bordeaux?

A

Merlot

91
Q

Three of the first growths are in Pauillac? True or False

A

True

92
Q

Chateau Ausone is in….

A

St. Émilion

93
Q

What is another name for Malbec in Bordeaux?

A

Pressac

94
Q

What do blends afford the winemaker in Bordeaux?

A

Grapes are complimentary in character and blending adds complexity. Also, different ripening times in case do inclement weather.

95
Q

What are the wines of Margaux generally described as?

A

Feminine wines with floral bouquet, exotic character and finesse.

96
Q

What is boulbenes soil a mix of?

A

Sand, gravel and light clay

97
Q

Pauillac has the deepest layer of gravel topsoil. True or False

A

True

98
Q

Where is Château Figeac?

A

St. Émilion.

Wine (32 decks)

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