Bootcamp Chapter 8 Flashcards
Based on design requirements provided by his manager, Herb is building an alarm system ordered by one of the company’s customers. The feature set for the alarm system is less robust than those normally produced by the company. Herb’s colleague Jose insists that Herb submit a change request to expand the design requirements to more closely correspond to standard company production. Jose’s argument is that the limited feature set is inconsistent with the company’s established quality policy. What is the best way for Herb to respond to Jose?
A. Herb should admit that Jose is absolutely right
B. Herb should tell Jose that he is confusing quality with grade
C. Herb should remind Jose that the customer is always right
D. Herb should design and build a component he believes is adequate
ANSWER: B
Answer B is correct because quality is defined as “the degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfills requirements” while grade is “ a category assigned to products or services having the same functional use but different technical characteristics”. In this case, Herb has designed the system to the customer’s requirements, (quality) but Jose is asking him to expand the design beyond those requirements to comply with another standard (grade). In this case ti is likely that the project will produce a high quality, but low grade product, which is acceptable.
You have identified five different reasons that time reports are being submitted late, and have collected the frequency of occurrence for each over the last month. Which tool would you use to help determine which causes should be the focus of your corrective action?
A. Scatter diagram
B. Control chart
C. Pareto diagram
D. Attribute sample
ANSWER: C
The pareto diagram is a specific type of histogram and is based on the same principles as Pareto’s law. The Pareto law states that a small number of causes will create a large number of defects or problems. Pareto diagrams help focus attention on the most critical issues in order to get the most benefit.
The outputs of the Control Quality process include validated changes and verified deliverables. Which of the following best describes the focus of validation?
A. The change is approved and the deliverable is accepted
B. The change accomplished the intended result and the deliverable is correct.
C. The change followed the change control process and the deliverable met the requirements
D. The change was completed and the deliverable is complete
ANSWER: B
Validation focuses on assuring that the product meets the needs of the customer and other identified stakeholders.
Answer B is the correct answer because of its focus on quality
All of the following components of the project management plan are likely to be updated as a result of the Control Quality process, except________
A. Quality management plan
B. Schedule and/or cost management plans
C. Process improvement plan
D. Quality standards
ANSWER: D
Control Quality is the “process of monitoring and recording the results of executing the quality activities to assess performance and recommend necessary changes”. Quality standards are defined within the quality management plan, which is an output of the Plan Quality Management process.
You have been tracking process performance using a statistical process control chart. You have noted that the last eight data points have been moving steadily up across the mean, though well within the control limits. You determine the process is out of control based on which rule?
A. Rule of 7
B. Rule of 1
C. Trend of 7 rule
D 2 out of 3 rule
ANSWER: C
The Trend of 7 Rule states that a process is out of control whenever you have 7 data points in a row that follow a trend up or down
Which of the following tools is specifically used to verify whether a result conforms to requirements?
A. Cause and effect diagram
B. Approved change requests review
C. Control chart
D. Inspection
ANSWER: D
Correct answer because inspection is the tool used to validate deliverables.
As you control quality throughout your project, you are focused on all of the following, except________
A. Ensuring that the right quality standards are used
B. Compliance with requirements
C. Eliminating unsatisfactory performance
D. Recommending change
ANSWER: A
it is the exception to the quality control focus.
Recently, a member of your project team requested a change in the way work was being done, and the change request was approved. According to the Control Quality process, what step do you need to take regarding the approved change request?
A. Ensure that the approved change request will not negatively impact the project schedule
B. Inform stakeholders that the change request was approved
C. Ensure that the change request has been implemented as approved
D. Use information in the quality management plan to assess whether or not the change request should have actually been approved
ANSWER: C
Correct because approved change requests review is a tool and technique of the Control Quality process.
Your project’s final product depends on the production of very accurate widgets. You have determined that only the widgets that have a tolerance of .003, +/- .0005 are acceptable. Any widget not meeting this tolerance will be rejected. This is an example of________?
A. Variable sampling
B. Statistical sampling
C. Attribute sampling
D. Random sampling
ANSWER: C
An attribute sampling means that the measurements are taken to see whether or not the result conforms. The attribute is the specific measurement or characteristic about the product that is examined in each sample
Control limits are often established on the basis of standard deviations from an identified target (mean) performance. These control limits are specifically applicable to which of the following tools?
A. Cause and effect diagrams
B. Scatter diagrams
C. Pareto diagrams
D. Control charts
ANSWER: D
Control charts are the tool used to identify common-cause versus special-cause variations based on the notion that all processes experience normal variations (common cause) in performance.
You have been assigned to manage a project that is intended to move the company’s processes from a level of heroic effort to one of focus on process management (project planning, requirements management, etc). Your project is related to which of the following quality programs?
A. TQM (Total Quality Management)
B. ISO 9000
C. CMMI (Capacity Maturity Model Integration)
D. Six Sigma
ANSWER: C
CMMI is a five level model of process maturity beginning at Level 1: Initial, and advancing through Level 2: Managed, Level 3:: Defined, Level 4: Quantitatively managed, and Level 5: Optimizing.
The costs associated with the cost of quality include all of the following, except:
A. Fixed costs
B. Engineering costs
C. Calibration costs
D. Warranty costs
ANSWER: A
fixed costs fall into a general category of costs
The quality standards applicable to the project are defined in a ____
A. Process improvement plan
B. Quality management plan
C. Project management plan
D. Corporate quality policy
ANSWER: B
The quality management plan contains the information required to define the approach to quality management, the quality policy for the project, the metrics and tools to be sued in quality control, and the activities of quality assurance.
Project quality is always defined in the context of the organization’s quality environment. Which of the following is not an enterprise environmental factor for the Plan Quality Management process?
A. Working conditions
B. Government regulations
C. Corporate quality policy
D. Application area specific standards
ANSWER: C
The corporate quality policy is an organizational process asset, not an enterprise environmental factor
The notion that quality is planned into a project, not inspected into it, is a fundamental tenet of modern quality management; but it can perhaps be most closely traced to which of the following theorists?
A. Deming
B. Juran
C. Akao
D. Crosby
ANSWER: D
Phillip Crosby promoted the Zero Defects theory whose goal is to prevent defects from occurring at all thereby saving the cost of nonconformance.
How much of the cost of quality is the direct responsibility, and under the control, of senior management?
A. 50%
B. 65%
C. 85%
D. 100%
ANSWER: C
Deming suggests that 85% of the cost of quality is management’s problem.
You have spent time and energy identifying all project stakeholders and have employed numerous mechanisms to collect and evaluate stakeholder needs. On the basis of the identified stakeholder needs, your team is now developing plans to respond to those needs that can be deployed to operational levels. This is in keeping with quality theories?
A. Deming
B. Juran
C. Kaizen
D. Crosby
ANSWER: B
Correct based on Juran’s Trilogy and the steps that he defines for quality planning.
The focus of project management on continuous improvement through iterative processes, particularly in the area of quality management, is linked to:
A. The PDCA cycle
B. The IPECC cycle
C. The CMMI levels
D. JIT
ANSWER: A
Correct because it refers to the Deming cycle of plan-do-check-act. PDCA was developed to link the production of a product with consumer needs and focus the resources of all departments in a cooperative effort to meet those needs.
The quality management plan is developed by the project manager with input from stakeholders, including the team. Although everyone shares responsibility for quality, who has the primary responsibility for the quality of project work?
A. Senior management
B. Project sponsor
C. Project manager
D. Project team members
ANSWER: D
Correct because those who are doing the work of the project bear the responsibility for ensuring their work meets the relevant quality standards and meets the agreed requirements.
Which of the following project documents is not updated as part of Plan Quality Management, Perform Quality Assurance, or Control Quality?
A. Stakeholder registry
B. Process documentation
C. Quality audit
D. Quality standards
ANSWER: C
Correct because quality audit is a tool of the Perform Quality Assurance process.
Focus on continuous, proactive, small improvements to help reduce costs and provide a more consistent product is an example of which quality approach?
A. Quality Function Deployment
B. Total Quality Management
C. Quality vaccine
D. Kaizen
ANSWER: D
Kaizen is simply a word that means continuous improvement
Quality metrics are an output of ______ and an input to ____
A. Control Quality; Plan Quality Management and Perform Quality Assurance
B. Perform Quality Assurance; Plan Quality Management and Control Quality
C. Plan Quality Management; Perform Quality Assurance and Control Quality
D. Plan Quality Management; Control Quality and Scope Verification
ANSWER: C
Quality metrics are defined within the quality management plan, which is developed as an output from the Plan Quality Management process.
You are the project manager for the Brim project that will transition call centers to a new ticket tracking system at all of the company’s regional call centers. Which of the following would best ensure that the transition was accomplished in a consistent way across all locations?
A. Quality checklists
B. Quality audit
C. Control chart
D. Quality metrics
ANSWER: A
Correct because quality checklists provide a structured tool to ensure that the specific steps, procedures, or requirements are executed or fulfilled.
The snapper project has based the project management plan on a rolling wave planning model and expects to build and systematically vary system parameters during the project life cycle. The results of the planned system variations will be analyzed to determine the optimum combination of features and cost. This is an example of what?
A. Baselining
B. Benchmarking
C. Design of experiments
D. Sampling
ANSWER: C
Design of experiments provides a statistical framework for changing all of the important factors rather than changing those factors one at a time.
During the pilot phase of testing the network in the Mackeral project, the team has planned to pull information about the network load at three different times each day for a three-week period. This is an example of what?
A. Statistical sampling
B. Attribute sampling
C. Random sampling
D. Variable sampling
ANSWER: D
Correct answer because the samples are being taken without designation of a specific attribute or level of performance. Variable sampling measures the degree of conformity by putting the result against a continuous scale
