bodily fluids

Question 1

how much of the body weight is ECF?

Answer 1

33%

Question 2

what is the barrier between intra and extra cellular fluids?

Answer 2

cell membranes

Question 3

function of capillaries in body fuilds?

Answer 3

form barrier between plasma and tissues

more permeable that cell membranes

Question 4

how does water reach intracellular fluids?

Answer 4

comes into system throgh drinking, absorbed into blood plasma
capillary membrane permeable to water to cross to bate cels in interstiital fluid
water now reaches the intracellular membrane

Question 5

output for water?

Answer 5

kidneys
urination
lungs
faeces
sweat
skin

Question 6

what is insensible loss?

Answer 6

uncounsous loss of water such as that evaporated from the skin or lungs that we cannot control

Question 7

what does more fat mean about water levels

Answer 7

less water

Question 8

what are the functions of water?

Answer 8

primary substrate
temp regulator
protective cushion: amniotic fluid, CSF
lubricant: synovial fluid
reactant
solvent
transport

Question 9

why is the charged dipole is water so important?

Answer 9

it can disrupt ionic bonds to disolve electrolyes and other things and form shells of hydraton

Question 10

why is the ability of water to fomr hydrogen bonds special?

Answer 10

this gives it a high boiling point, high specific heat and latent heat of evaporation
also gives high surface tenson

Question 11

what does the high heat capacity of water mean?

Answer 11

it can absorb and release large amounts of water without a large change in temperature
it can hold heat

Question 12

what are electrolytes?

Answer 12

charged ions disolved in the water

Question 13

what is the key difference between the plasma and intesitial fluid?

Answer 13

protein concentration in plasma hold water in vessel

Question 14

why are interstitia and intracellular fluids iso-osmotic?

Answer 14

total osmolarity is equal and balanced despite different compositions

Question 15

will the ionic charge be balanced within a fluid compartment?

Answer 15

yes

this will always happen despite different numbers of ions

Question 16

which ions is the main extrcellular ion?

Answer 16

sodium

Question 17

what are the functions of sodium ?

Answer 17

contributes to major osmotic pressure of ECF
concentration gradient across cell membrane provides potetial to transport other substances
carriers inward curretn for membrane excitation

Question 18

main intracellular cation?

Answer 18

potassium

Question 19

functions of potassium

Answer 19

contributes to osmotic pressure of cytoplasm

Question 20

calcium functions in body fluids?

Answer 20

low conc in cells
regulates muscle contractions
regulates enzyme activity
regulates exocytosis

Question 21

functions of magnesium in body fluids?

Answer 21

antagonist of calcum

acts ascofactor for many enzymes

Question 22

functions of bicarbonate

Answer 22

bufferes hydogen ion concentration

Question 23

functions of chloride?

Answer 23

counterion for cations and positively charged groups of proteins

Question 24

whats an anion?

Answer 24

negatively charged ion

Question 25

whats at cation?

Answer 25

positively charged

Question 26

main functions of electrolytes

Answer 26

``` cofactors action potential generation neurotransmitter muscle contractin acide base balance primary and secondary active transport osmosis ```

Question 27

what is primary active transport?

Answer 27

drectly uses ATP against a concetration gradient | Na/K pump

Question 28

what is secondary active transport?

Answer 28

uses indirect ATP to set up a concentration gradient | sodium glucose co-transporter

Question 29

how does the sodium glucose co-transporter work>

Answer 29

low intracellular Na conc maintained by Na/K pump Na entry drags glucose too against cncentration gradient passive system but coupled with Na/K pump to work

Question 30

what is ficks law

Answer 30

of diffusion rate of diffusion controlled by the gradient and the distance moved driving force of diffusion is concentration gradient of solute

Question 31

diffusion co-efficient varies with:

Answer 31

``` temperature solvent interactions between solute and solvent size and shape of molecule charge molecue has ```

Question 32

what does osmosis require?

Answer 32

semi-pereable membrane | concentration gradient

Question 33

deifne osmotic pressure

Answer 33

the amount of pressue that needs to be applied to stop the movement of water

Question 34

what describes osmotic pressure?

Answer 34

Van't Hoff's law

Question 35

what does Van't Hoff's law say?

Answer 35

describes that substances in dilute solution obey the ideal gas laws, resulting to the osmotic pressure formula

Question 36

what is concentration measured in?

Answer 36

molarity

Question 37

what is molarity?

Answer 37

concentration per litre

Question 38

difference between molarity and osmolarity?

Answer 38

molarity if amount of stuff | osmolarity if concentration of stuff

Question 39

work out osmolarity of electrolyte?

Answer 39

osmolar concentraton multiplies by the number of ions in the solution

Question 40

units for osmolarity?

Answer 40

osm/L

Question 41

what creates osmotic pressure

Answer 41

plasma proteins | prevent leakage from vessels

Question 42

what is tonicity?

Answer 42

measure of effective osmolarity

Question 43

isotonic meaning

Answer 43

two solutions with equal amounts of water molecules on either side of the membrane

Question 44

hypertonic

Answer 44

one solution more solute

Question 45

hypotonic

Answer 45

one solution contains less solute

Question 46

what happens to RCB if the solution they are put in isnt isotonic?

Answer 46

is hypo: cells swell, water moves in | if hyper: cell shrinks, water moves out

Question 47

why is the tonicity key ?

Answer 47

important to consider if using a saline drip as the drip must be the same toncitiy as the plasma

Question 48

when is an isotonic IV soltuion used?

Answer 48

concentratin like blood expand blood vols after loss saline drip

Question 49

when is a hypotonic solution used?

Answer 49

concentration less that blood | used for dehydration to push more blood into ces

Question 50

major extracelllar cation | major extracellular anion

Answer 50

cation: sodium anion: chlorid

Question 51

major intacellular cation

Answer 51

potassium

Question 52

major intracellular anions

Answer 52

phosphates and proteins

Question 53

what is the solvent of the body?

Answer 53

water

Question 54

what are the solutes of the body?

Answer 54

disolved substances