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Human physiology > bodily fluids > Flashcards

bodily fluids Flashcards

1
Q

how much of the body weight is ECF?

A

33%

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2
Q

what is the barrier between intra and extra cellular fluids?

A

cell membranes

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3
Q

function of capillaries in body fuilds?

A

form barrier between plasma and tissues

more permeable that cell membranes

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4
Q

how does water reach intracellular fluids?

A

comes into system throgh drinking, absorbed into blood plasma
capillary membrane permeable to water to cross to bate cels in interstiital fluid
water now reaches the intracellular membrane

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5
Q

output for water?

A 
kidneys
urination
lungs
faeces
sweat
skin
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6
Q

what is insensible loss?

A

uncounsous loss of water such as that evaporated from the skin or lungs that we cannot control

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7
Q

what does more fat mean about water levels

A

less water

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8
Q

what are the functions of water?

A 
primary substrate
temp regulator
protective cushion: amniotic fluid, CSF
lubricant: synovial fluid
reactant
solvent
transport
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9
Q

why is the charged dipole is water so important?

A

it can disrupt ionic bonds to disolve electrolyes and other things and form shells of hydraton

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10
Q

why is the ability of water to fomr hydrogen bonds special?

A

this gives it a high boiling point, high specific heat and latent heat of evaporation
also gives high surface tenson

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11
Q

what does the high heat capacity of water mean?

A

it can absorb and release large amounts of water without a large change in temperature
it can hold heat

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12
Q

what are electrolytes?

A

charged ions disolved in the water

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13
Q

what is the key difference between the plasma and intesitial fluid?

A

protein concentration in plasma hold water in vessel

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14
Q

why are interstitia and intracellular fluids iso-osmotic?

A

total osmolarity is equal and balanced despite different compositions

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15
Q

will the ionic charge be balanced within a fluid compartment?

A

yes

this will always happen despite different numbers of ions

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16
Q

which ions is the main extrcellular ion?

A

sodium

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17
Q

what are the functions of sodium ?

A

contributes to major osmotic pressure of ECF
concentration gradient across cell membrane provides potetial to transport other substances
carriers inward curretn for membrane excitation

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18
Q

main intracellular cation?

A

potassium

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19
Q

functions of potassium

A

contributes to osmotic pressure of cytoplasm

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20
Q

calcium functions in body fluids?

A

low conc in cells
regulates muscle contractions
regulates enzyme activity
regulates exocytosis

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21
Q

functions of magnesium in body fluids?

A

antagonist of calcum

acts ascofactor for many enzymes

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22
Q

functions of bicarbonate

A

bufferes hydogen ion concentration

23
Q

functions of chloride?

A

counterion for cations and positively charged groups of proteins

24
Q

whats an anion?

A

negatively charged ion

25
Q

whats at cation?

A

positively charged

26
Q

main functions of electrolytes

A 
cofactors
action potential generation
neurotransmitter
muscle contractin
acide base balance
primary and secondary active transport
osmosis
27
Q

what is primary active transport?

A

drectly uses ATP against a concetration gradient

Na/K pump

28
Q

what is secondary active transport?

A

uses indirect ATP to set up a concentration gradient

sodium glucose co-transporter

29
Q

how does the sodium glucose co-transporter work>

A

low intracellular Na conc maintained by Na/K pump
Na entry drags glucose too against cncentration gradient
passive system but coupled with Na/K pump to work

30
Q

what is ficks law

A

of diffusion
rate of diffusion controlled by the gradient and the distance moved
driving force of diffusion is concentration gradient of solute

31
Q

diffusion co-efficient varies with:

A 
temperature
solvent
interactions between solute and solvent
size and shape of molecule
charge molecue has
32
Q

what does osmosis require?

A

semi-pereable membrane

concentration gradient

33
Q

deifne osmotic pressure

A

the amount of pressue that needs to be applied to stop the movement of water

34
Q

what describes osmotic pressure?

A

Van’t Hoff’s law

35
Q

what does Van’t Hoff’s law say?

A

describes that substances in dilute solution obey the ideal gas laws, resulting to the osmotic pressure formula

36
Q

what is concentration measured in?

A

molarity

37
Q

what is molarity?

A

concentration per litre

38
Q

difference between molarity and osmolarity?

A

molarity if amount of stuff

osmolarity if concentration of stuff

39
Q

work out osmolarity of electrolyte?

A

osmolar concentraton multiplies by the number of ions in the solution

40
Q

units for osmolarity?

A

osm/L

41
Q

what creates osmotic pressure

A

plasma proteins

prevent leakage from vessels

42
Q

what is tonicity?

A

measure of effective osmolarity

43
Q

isotonic meaning

A

two solutions with equal amounts of water molecules on either side of the membrane

44
Q

hypertonic

A

one solution more solute

45
Q

hypotonic

A

one solution contains less solute

46
Q

what happens to RCB if the solution they are put in isnt isotonic?

A

is hypo: cells swell, water moves in

if hyper: cell shrinks, water moves out

47
Q

why is the tonicity key ?

A

important to consider if using a saline drip as the drip must be the same toncitiy as the plasma

48
Q

when is an isotonic IV soltuion used?

A

concentratin like blood
expand blood vols after loss
saline drip

49
Q

when is a hypotonic solution used?

A

concentration less that blood

used for dehydration to push more blood into ces

50
Q

major extracelllar cation

major extracellular anion

A

cation: sodium
anion: chlorid

51
Q

major intacellular cation

A

potassium

52
Q

major intracellular anions

A

phosphates and proteins

53
Q

what is the solvent of the body?

A

water

54
Q

what are the solutes of the body?

A

disolved substances

Human physiology (21 decks)

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