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Anatomy & physiology 102 > Blood vessels > Flashcards

Blood vessels Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the most common circulatory route

A

heart →arteries →arterioles→capillaries→venules →veins

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2
Q

What is a portal system ?

A

blood flows through two consecutive capillary networks before returning to heart

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3
Q

What are three places where you can find portal systems?

A

hypothalamus -anterior pituitary, in kidneys, and between intestines and liver

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4
Q

What is an Arteriovenous shunt and where are some places you can find them?

A

artery directly to vein you can find shunts fingers, toes, ears.

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5
Q

What is the purpose of a Arteriovenous?

A

allows blood to bypass exposed areas during cold in order to preserve heat

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6
Q

What is Venous anastomosis ? whats its purpose?

A

alternate drainage of organs , alternate routes are to insure the blood goes back to the heart.

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7
Q

What is Arterial anastomosis? Whats its purpose?

A

Collateral circulation, alternate routes to the organs to insure blood to the organs.

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8
Q

True or false Venous anastomosis is more common than Arterial anastomosis

A

True

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9
Q

What are the three layers of the vessel wall?

A

Tunica externa ,Tunica media ,Tunica interna

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10
Q

Which Tunica anchors down the vessel?

A

Tunica Externa

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11
Q

Which Tunica provides passage for small nerves, lymphatics, and smaller blood vessels(vasa vasorum) that supply blood to outer half of wall ?

A

Tunica Externa

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12
Q

Which Tunica’s inner half is nourished by diffusion of luminal blood?

A

Tunica Externa

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13
Q

Which Tunica is the thickest layer and consists of smooth muscle, collagen, and sometimes elastic tissue ?

A

Tunica Media

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14
Q

Which Tunica has smooth muscle responsible for vasoconstriction and vasodilation?

A

Tunica Media

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15
Q

Which Tunica inner layer is exposed to blood and consists of a simple squamous endothelium overlaying a basement membrane and a sparse layer of fibrous c.t

A

Turnica Interna

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16
Q

True or False Tunica Interna acts as a selectively permeable barrier to blood solutes?

A

True

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17
Q

Which Tunica secretes vasoconstrictors and vasodilators and provides a smooth inner lining that repels blood cells and platelets

A

Tunica Interna

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18
Q

True or false Arteries are more muscular than veins and appear relatively round in tissue sections

A

True

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19
Q

Arteries are divided into three categories by size. What are they ?

A

conducting (elastic) ,distributing (muscular), and resistance (small)

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20
Q

What are the three conducting arteries?

A

pulmonary, aorta, and common cartotids

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21
Q

True or false Conducting arteries expand when the ventricles pump blood into them during systole and recoil during diastole

A

True

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22
Q

What are Distributing (muscular) arteries? What do they branch off of?

A

smaller branches of conducting arteries farther away from the heart that distribute blood to specific organs

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23
Q

What are Resistance (small) arteries?

A

primary points at which the body controls the relative amounts of blood directed to various organs

24
Q

what are Metarterioles ? What do they have encircling the capillary entrance?

A

short vessels that link arterioles (tiny arterioles ) and capillaries (tiniest vessels(not veins!) ). Pre-capillary sphincter.

25
Q

True or false Capillaries are the only point where materials are exchanged between blood and tissue.

A

True

26
Q

True or false capillaries consist of only endothelium(one cell thick) and basement membrane

A

True

27
Q

What are the three types of capillaries ?

A

Continuous, fenestrated, and sinusoids.

28
Q

Describe continuous capillaries

A

endothelial cells have tight junctions with intercellular clefts (allow passage of solutes) . In the brain it only allows glucose out

29
Q

True or false Continuous capillaries occur in most tissues

A

True

30
Q

Describe fenestrated capillaries

A

can be found in organs that require rapid absorption or filtration; –endothelial cells have filtration pores (fenestrations) that allow passage of small molecules

31
Q

Because fenestrated capillaries have a lot of pores what organs would you most likely find them ? Hint(filtration)

A

Kidneys and small intestines

32
Q

Describe sinusoids

A

irregular blood-filled spaces; some have EXTRA LARGE fenestrations, allow proteins and blood cells to enter

33
Q

True or false veins have much lower blood pressure, thinner walls, collapse when empty(appear flatten ) than arteries

A

True

34
Q

What are capacitance vessels?

A

Veins they hold blood when heart is at rest .They stay there because veins expand and accommodate easier than arteries.

35
Q

What are the two types of veins?

A

venules and venous sinuses

36
Q

Describe venules

A

quite porous, exchanges fluid with tissues, like a capillary, at this point only

37
Q

Describe venous sinuses

A

veins with thin walls, large lumens, no smooth muscle

38
Q

Flow of blood back to the heart depends on what 5 things?

A

messaging of skeletal muscle, one-way-valves, thoracic(respiratory)pump, cardiac suction, and gravity .

39
Q

Define Perfusion

A

rate of blood flow per given mass of tissue. Important for delivery of nutrients, O2, and removal of metabolic waste

40
Q

Define Peripheral resistance

A

is the resistance that the blood encounters in the vessels as it travels away from the heart

41
Q

What are the three variables that contribute to peripheral resistance

A

Blood viscosity, vessel length, and vessel radius

42
Q

Define blood viscosity and its two major contributors

A

Thickness of the blood; due mainly to erythrocytes and albumin

43
Q

When referring to a vessels length, the following statement is True or False? The farther a liquid travels through a tube, the more cumulative friction it encounters

A

True

44
Q

True or False, Vessel radius is the only significant way of controlling peripheral resistance

A

True

45
Q

Define Vasomotion

A

A change in vessel radius

46
Q

Define Vasoconstriciton

A

Smooth muscle contraction, when blood vessels constrict

47
Q

Define Vasodilation

A

Smooth muscle relaxation, when blood vessels dilate

48
Q

Define Laminar in terms of blood flow

A

It flows in layers that is faster near the center and slower near the walls where it drags against the vessel

49
Q

What is hypertension and what are some effects ?

A

High chronic resting pressure >140/90. Can weaken small arteries and cause aneurysm

50
Q

What is Hypo-tension and what are some effects ?

A

chronic low resting BP; causes blood loss, dehydration, anemia

51
Q

Which one of the peripheral resistance variables are we able to control, for the most part ?

A

Radius, vasoconstriction or vasodialation

52
Q

What are the three controls of blood pressure regulation?

A

Local control•Neural control•Hormonal control

53
Q

Define Local control (auto regulation)

A

the ability of tissue to regulate their own blood supply according to its metabolic needs

54
Q

vessels that have local control are able to determine how much blood supplies them by what kind of chemicals that either constrict or dilate the vessel? What are some examples?

A

Vasoactive chemicals .histamine, bradykinin, prostaglandins (histamine, bradykinin, prostaglandins (vasodialters )endothelins (vasoconstrictors)

55
Q

Define reactive hyperemia, what kind of control does it have ?

A

increase flow above normal to a tissue when flow is cut off for a time (ex: when skin flushes after a person comes in from the cold) LOCAL control

56
Q

Define Angiogenesis

A

the process where a tissue increases its own perfusion by the growth of new blood vessels

57
Q

Give examples of angiogenesis

A
  • regrowth of the uterine lining after menstruation
  • generation of blood vessels in the muscles of well-conditioned athletes
  • growth of arterial bypasses around obstruction in the coronary circulation
  • malignant tumors secrete growth factors to provide more nourishment

Anatomy & physiology 102 (13 decks)

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