Blood Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of Blood (3)

A
  • Transportation of oxygen & CO2 + nutrients + wastes
  • Regulation of body temp, pH & fluid volume
  • Protection by mounting an immune response and production of antibodies
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2
Q

Composition of Blood (3)

A
  1. Erythrocytes (44%)
  2. Buffy Coat (1%)
  3. Plasma (55%)
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3
Q

Hematocrit

-variation between females and males

A

-Hematocrit: the % of the volume of all formed elements (erythrocytes, leukocytes & Platelets) in one’s blood

  • Females = 38-46%
  • Males = 42-56%
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4
Q

Erythrocytes

  • features
  • rouleaux
A
  • AKA Red blood cells
  • lack nuclei & other organelles
  • relatively small (7.5um diameter)
  • unique biconcave shape
  • As pass through small blood vessels, line up in single file termed rouleaux
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5
Q

Hemoglobin in Erythrocytes

A
  • Every erythrocyte contains 280 million molecules of red pigmented protein called hemoglobin
    • is capable of reversibly transporting O & CO2
  • consists of 4 globin protein molecules;
    • 2 x alpha chains
    • 2 x beta chains
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6
Q

Leukocytes -general features

A
  • Possess nucleus and organelles
  • help initiate an immune response & defend body against pathogens
  • 1.5-3 x larger than erythrocytes
  • capable of leaving blood vessels and entering a tissue (diapedesis)
  • are attracted to site of infection - called chemotaxis
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7
Q

Types of Leukocytes (5)

A
  • Neutrophils
  • Eosinophils
  • Basophils
  • Monocyte
  • Lymphocyte
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8
Q

Types & functions of Leukocytes

A
  • Neutrophils: Multi-lobed nuclei; phagocytize pathogens & release enzymes that target pathogens
  • Eosinophils: Bilobed nuclei; phagocytize antigen-antibody complexes and allergens
  • Basophil: Bilobed many granules. Release histamine (vasodilator) and heparin (anticoagulant) during reactions
  • Lymphocyte: round nucleus; attacks pathogens & abnormal/infected cells. Coordinate immune cell activity and produce antigens
  • Monocyte: Kidney shaped nucleus, can exit blood vessels and become macrophages. Phagocytize pathogens, cellular debris, dead cells
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9
Q

Granulocytes & agranulocytes - leukocyte classification

A

-Leukocytes divided into 2 classes; based on presence of absence of visible organelles (termed granules)
Granulocytes: Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
Agranulocytes: Lymphocyte & Monocyte

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10
Q

Platelets

  • What they are
  • what they are derived from
  • Involved in
A
  • irregular membrane enclosed cellular fragments
  • represent shed cytoplasm from cells in red bone marrow called megakaryocytes
    • are approx. 15 x larger than erythrocytes
  • platelets are about 1/4 size of erythrocytes
  • Involved in the clotting of blood
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11
Q

Erythropoiesis

A
  • Is the process of erythrocyte production
  • about 3 million erythrocytes produced per second
  • during maturation, all organelles w/in erythrocyte degenerate leaving it with nothing more than a bag of hemoglobin
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