Blood Flashcards
1
Q
Functions of Blood (3)
A
- Transportation of oxygen & CO2 + nutrients + wastes
- Regulation of body temp, pH & fluid volume
- Protection by mounting an immune response and production of antibodies
2
Q
Composition of Blood (3)
A
- Erythrocytes (44%)
- Buffy Coat (1%)
- Plasma (55%)
3
Q
Hematocrit
-variation between females and males
A
-Hematocrit: the % of the volume of all formed elements (erythrocytes, leukocytes & Platelets) in one’s blood
- Females = 38-46%
- Males = 42-56%
4
Q
Erythrocytes
- features
- rouleaux
A
- AKA Red blood cells
- lack nuclei & other organelles
- relatively small (7.5um diameter)
- unique biconcave shape
- As pass through small blood vessels, line up in single file termed rouleaux
5
Q
Hemoglobin in Erythrocytes
A
- Every erythrocyte contains 280 million molecules of red pigmented protein called hemoglobin
- is capable of reversibly transporting O & CO2
- consists of 4 globin protein molecules;
- 2 x alpha chains
- 2 x beta chains
6
Q
Leukocytes -general features
A
- Possess nucleus and organelles
- help initiate an immune response & defend body against pathogens
- 1.5-3 x larger than erythrocytes
- capable of leaving blood vessels and entering a tissue (diapedesis)
- are attracted to site of infection - called chemotaxis
7
Q
Types of Leukocytes (5)
A
- Neutrophils
- Eosinophils
- Basophils
- Monocyte
- Lymphocyte
8
Q
Types & functions of Leukocytes
A
- Neutrophils: Multi-lobed nuclei; phagocytize pathogens & release enzymes that target pathogens
- Eosinophils: Bilobed nuclei; phagocytize antigen-antibody complexes and allergens
- Basophil: Bilobed many granules. Release histamine (vasodilator) and heparin (anticoagulant) during reactions
- Lymphocyte: round nucleus; attacks pathogens & abnormal/infected cells. Coordinate immune cell activity and produce antigens
- Monocyte: Kidney shaped nucleus, can exit blood vessels and become macrophages. Phagocytize pathogens, cellular debris, dead cells
9
Q
Granulocytes & agranulocytes - leukocyte classification
A
-Leukocytes divided into 2 classes; based on presence of absence of visible organelles (termed granules)
Granulocytes: Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
Agranulocytes: Lymphocyte & Monocyte
10
Q
Platelets
- What they are
- what they are derived from
- Involved in
A
- irregular membrane enclosed cellular fragments
- represent shed cytoplasm from cells in red bone marrow called megakaryocytes
- are approx. 15 x larger than erythrocytes
- platelets are about 1/4 size of erythrocytes
- Involved in the clotting of blood
11
Q
Erythropoiesis
A
- Is the process of erythrocyte production
- about 3 million erythrocytes produced per second
- during maturation, all organelles w/in erythrocyte degenerate leaving it with nothing more than a bag of hemoglobin