Articulations Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of Articulation

A

-Place of contact between bones, bone & cartilage or bones & teeth

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2
Q

Classifications of Articulations

A
  1. Structurally;
    a) Fibrous: bones held together by dense regular CT
    b) Cartilagenous: bones joint by cartilage
    c) Synovial: fluid - filled cavity that separates cartilage-covered articulating surfaces of bones
  2. Functionally;
    a) Synarthrosis: immobile joint
    b) Amphiarthrosis: Slightly mobile joint
    c) Diarthrosis: freely mobile joint
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3
Q

Tradeoff between Mobility & Joint stability

-5 articulations from most mobile to lease mobile

A

*mobility and stability are inversely related

Glenohumeral joint -> Hip joint -> Elbow joint -> Intevertebral joints -> Suture (skull)

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4
Q

Name the 3 types of fibrous joints

A
  • Gomphoses
  • Sutures
  • Syndesmoses
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5
Q

Gomphoses, Sutures & syndesmoses

-General shape, where found and level of mobility

A

Gomphoses: resembles peg in socket
-only one= articulation of roots of teeth w/ mandible & maxillae (held in place by periodontal membrane)
Sutures: immobile fibrous joints (synarthrosis)
-only b/w certain bones of skull
-have distinct, interlocking usu. irregular edges that increase strength & decrease no. of fractures
Syndesmoses: Articulating bones joined by long strands of dense regular CT only
-amphiarthorsis (e.g. ulna & radius; tibia & fibia)

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6
Q

Name the 2 types of cartilaginous Joints

A
  1. Synchondroses

2. Symphyses

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7
Q

Synchondroses & Symphyses;

-Mobility, function and examples

A
  • Synchondroses: joined by hyaline cartilage
    • all synarthroses
    • e.g. attachment of first rib to sternum by coastal cartilage, constochondrial joints (boints b/w bony ribs and coastal cartilage), spheno - occipital synchondrosis found b/w body of sphenoid & basilar part of occipital bone
  • Symphyses: pad of fibrocartilage b/w articulating bones
    • resists compression & stresses
    • acts as shock absorber
    • amphiarthrosis
    • e.g. pubic symphsis
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8
Q

Synovial Joints

A
  • Are freely movable articulations that are separated by a space called the joint cavity (only type of articulation w/ it)
  • Includes most commonly known joints (e.g. knee, elbow, glenohumeral)
  • ARE ALL DIARTHROSIS
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9
Q

Classification of Synovial joints (based on surfaces & types of movement they allow)

A
  • Uniaxial: Bone moves in just one plane or axis
  • Biaxial: Bone moves in 2 planes/axes
  • Multiaxial: Bone moves in multiple planes/axes
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10
Q

Name the 6 types of Synovial joints (least to most mobile)

A
  1. Plane joint
  2. Hinge joint
  3. Pivot joint
  4. Condyle joint
  5. Saddle joint
  6. Ball & socket joint
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11
Q

Plane Joint

A

AKA planar or gliding joint

  • simplest type
  • only allows side to side movement
  • articulates surfaces of bones that are flat or planar

e.g. Intercarpal and intertarsal joints

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12
Q

Hinge Joint

A
  • uniaxial
  • convex surfaces of one bone fits into concave depression of other
  • single axis

e.g. elbow joint (trochlea notch of ulna fits into troclea of humerous), knee & finger [interphalageal joint]

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13
Q

Pivot Joint

A
  • uniaxial
  • 1 articulating bone w/ rounded surface fits into ring formed by ligament and another bone

e.g. proximal radionuclear joint, atlantoaxial joint

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14
Q

Condyle Joint

A

AKA condyloid or ellipsoid
-biaxial w/ oval, convex surface on one bone concave on 2nd bone

e.g. metacarpphalngeal joints of fingers 2 to 5 (aka knucles

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15
Q

Saddle joint

A

-convex & concav regions on articulate surfaces of bones (e.g. carpometacarple joint of thumb)

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16
Q

Ball & socket Joint

A
  • multiaxial joint
  • spherical head of 1 fits into rounded, cuplike socket of other

e.g. hip joint and glenohumeral bone

17
Q

Name the 4 types of movements at Synovial Joints

A
  1. Gliding motion
  2. Angular Motion
  3. Rotational Motion
  4. Special movements
18
Q

Gliding motion

A
  • 2 opposing surfaces slide slightly back and forth or side-to-side
  • angle between bones doesn’t change
  • typically occur along plane joints
19
Q

Anglular Motion (7 associated terms)

A
  • either increases or decreases angles between 2 joints
  • flexion: decrease angle (anterior-posterior plane)
  • extension: increase angle (AP plane)
  • hyperextension: extension of joint >180 degrees
  • lateral flexion: trunk of body moves in coronal plane laterally
  • abduction: Move away - body part moves away from trunk of body
  • adduction: move towards - body part moves toward body midline
  • circumduction: proximal end remains stationary while distal end makes circular motion
20
Q

Rotational motion

A
  • pivoting motion in which bone turns on its own longitudinal axix
    e. g. atlantoaxial joint
  • pronation: medial rotation of forearm so palm of hand is directed posteriorly or inferiorly
  • superination: forearm rotates laterally so palm faces anteriorly and radius parallel w/ ulna
21
Q

Special movements

A
  • Things that don’t fit into other categories

- e.g. elevation/depression, dorsiflexion & planatar flexion, protraction & retraction & opposition