Blood Flashcards
What is blood?
a liquid connective tissue consisting of cells and extracellular matrix
What is plasma?
matrix of blood, clear fluid
What are the formed elements of blood?
blood cells and cell fragments; RBC, WBC, and platelets
What are the 7 formed elements?
Erythrocytes, platelets, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, monocytes
What are erythrocytes?
RBCs
What are leukocytes?
WBCs
What are the types of granulocytes?
neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
What are the types of agranulocytes?
lymphocytes, monocytes
What does hematocrit do?
centrifuge blood to separate components
What is the heaviest component of blood? How much is there?
RBCs, 37-52%
How much of blood is plasma?
47-63%
What makes up the buffy coat?
WBCs and platelets
What are the 3 categories of plasma proteins?
Albumins, globulins, fibrinogen
What is serum?
plasma without the fibrinogen
What organ are plasma proteins (except globulins) produced by?
liver
What contributes to blood viscosity?
RBCs + albumin
What does albumin regulate?
osmolarity
What is the osmolarity of blood?
total molarity of particles that cannot pass through the blood vessel wall
What relationship does osmolarity have to blood pressure?
proportional
What is hypoproteinemia?
deficiency of plasma proteins caused by starvation, liver/kidney disease, or severe burns
What is the production of blood called? Where is it carried out?
Hemopoiesis; in red bone marrow
What are pluripotent stem cells?
cells that can become all types of cells
What is a colony forming unit?
specialized stem cells that only produce one class of formed element of blood
What are the 2 functions of RBCs
Carry O2 from lungs, carry CO2 to lungs
Why are RBCs biconcave?
so they can bend to fit through capillaries
Do RBCs have most organelles?
No
What is hemoglobin made of?
4 globins, 2 alpha and 2 beta (2 alpa and 2 gamma fetally)
How many heme groups does hemoglobin have?
4 (one O2 per heme)
What does hemoglobin bind at its center?
iron
What does hematocrit show?
percentage of whole blood volume composed of RBCs
What sex has a higher RBC count?
men
Why do women have lower RBC?
less androgen, menstrual loss, and more body fat = less hematocrit
What is the term for RBC production
Erythropoiesis
What is the average lifespan of an RBC?
120 days
What is the first committed cell in formed element production?
colony forming unit
What receptors do RBC colony forming units have?
erythropoietin