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Anatomy > Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

what is the autonomic nervous system?

A

it regulates fundamental states and life processes
such as heart rate, BP, and body temperature

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2
Q

what is another name for the ANS?

A

visceral motor system

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3
Q

what are the primary organs of the ANS?

A

Viscera of thoracic and abdominal cavities, Cutaneous blood vessels, Sweat glands, Piloerector muscles

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4
Q

what is a visceral reflex?

A

unconscious, automatic,
stereotyped responses to stimulation involving
visceral receptors and effectors

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5
Q

what does the visceral reflex arc include?

A

Receptors: nerve endings that detect stretch, tissue damage,
blood chemicals, body temperature, and other internal stimuli
– Afferent neurons: lead to CNS
– Integrating center: interneurons in the CNS
– Efferent neurons: carry motor signals away from the CNS
– Effectors: carry out end response

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6
Q

what is an example of a visceral reflex?

A

baroreflex (helps to reduce blood pressure)

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7
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the ANS?

A

sympathetic & parasympathetic

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8
Q

what are the effectors for the pathways (autonomic vs. somatic)?

A

autonomic: glands, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle
somatic: skeletal muscle

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9
Q

what are the control for the pathways (autonomic vs. somatic)?

A

autonomic: involuntary
somatic: voluntary

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10
Q

what are the distal nerve endings for the pathways (autonomic vs. somatic)?

A

autonomic: varicosities
somatic: neuromuscular junctions

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11
Q

what are the efferent pathways for the pathways (autonomic vs. somatic)?

A

autonomic: 2 nerve fibers, synapse at ganglion
somatic: 1 nerve fiber, no ganglion

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12
Q

what are the neurotransmitters for the pathways (autonomic vs. somatic)?

A

autonomic: Ach & NE
somatic: Ach

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13
Q

what are the effect on target cells for the pathways (autonomic vs. somatic)?

A

autonomic: excitatory or inhibitory
somatic: excitatory

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14
Q

what are the effect on denervation for the pathways (autonomic vs. somatic)?

A

autonomic: hypersensitivity
somatic: flaccid paralysis

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15
Q

what is another name for the sympathetic division?

A

the thoracolumbar division

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16
Q

what is another name for the parasympathetic division?

A

the craniosacral division

17
Q

where is the location of the ganglia for the sympathetic and parasympathetic?

A

symp: paravertebral ganglia adjacent spinal column and prevertebral ganglia anterior to it
para: terminal ganglia near or within target organs

18
Q

what are the fiber lengths for the sympathetic and parasympathetic

A

symp: short preganglionic and long postganglionic
para: long preganglionic and short postganglionic

19
Q

what is the neural divergence for the symp and para?

A

symp: extensive
para: minimal

20
Q

what are the effects of system on symp and para?

A

symp: often widespread and general
para: more specific and local

21
Q

what is the enteric nervous system?

A

the nervous system of the
digestive tract

22
Q

what are axons that secrete Ach called?

A

cholinergic fibers

23
Q

what is any receptor that binds Ach called?

A

cholinergic receptor

24
Q

what are the two types of cholinergic receptor

A

muscarinic and nicotinic receptor

25
Q

what are sympathetic postganglionic neurons that secrete NE called

A

adrenergic receptors

26
Q

which adrenergic receptor is excitatory?

A

alpha-adrenergic

27
Q

which adrenergic receptor is inhibitory?

A

beta-adrenergic

28
Q

what is dual innervation?

A

nerve fibers from both parasympathetic and sympathetic

29
Q

what is an antagonistic effect?

A

oppose each other

30
Q

what is a cooperative effect?

A

the two divisions work together

31
Q

what is an example of a cooperative effect?

A

salivary secretion

32
Q

what is the parasympathetic effect on the eye?

A

pupil constricts

33
Q

what is the sympathetic effect on the eye?

A

pupil dilates

34
Q

what is vasomotor tone?

A

a baseline firing
frequency of sympathetics

35
Q

what is vasoconstriction? (frequency-wise)

A

increase in firing

36
Q

what is vasodilation? (frequency-wise)

A

decrease in firing

37
Q

what does the sympathetic division prioritize in times of emergency

A

blood vessels to skeletal muscles

Anatomy (14 decks)

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