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PCP > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

1
Q

What is the hematopoietic system

A

Blood components and organs that are involved in the production of blood

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2
Q

Describe hemoglobin, hematocrit

A
  • Hematocrit: the ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the total volume of blood
  • Hemoglobin: a protein contained in RBC’s that binds to O2 to transport to cells
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3
Q

What are RBC’s

A
  • Also called Erythrocytes
  • they make up 99% of formed elements
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4
Q

How are RBC produced and what is their lifespan

A
  • The production of RBC’s is stimulated by Erthroprotein which is secreted by the kidneys
  • they come from bone marrow and can take up to 5days to emerge
  • the normal lifespan is rougly 4 months
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5
Q

define Anemia

A

A lower than normal amount of hemoglobin or RBC’s
Iron deficincy is the most common type of anemia

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6
Q

What is a hemolytic disorder

A

disorder that is related to the breakdown of RBC’s

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7
Q

Define hemostasis

A

the mechanism that leads to cessation of bleeding from a blood vessel

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8
Q

define homeostasis

A

A state of balance among all the body systems needed for the body to survive and function correctly.

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9
Q

What are the 5 types of white blood cells

A
  1. basophils
  2. eosinphils
  3. neutrophils
  4. monocytes/macrophage
  5. lymphocytes
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10
Q

What is do basophils do and what is their lifespan

A
  • Contain histamine granules and other substances that are relased during inflammation
  • make up less than 1% of WBC
  • last roughly a few hours to a few days
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11
Q

What is do eosinphils do and what is their lifespan

A
  • Released during allergic response
  • relase a chemoactive substance that damages or kills parasitic invaders
  • the chemoactive substance can cause bronchospams
  • accounts for 1-3% of WBC’s
  • lives 8-12 days
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12
Q

What is do Neutrophils do and what is their lifespan

A
  • Protect body from infection
  • first reponsders to foreign invasion
  • Destroy invaders by Phagocytosis
  • accounts for 50-70% of WBC
  • 6 hours to a few days
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13
Q

What is do Monocytes do and what is their lifespan

A
  • Mature in the blood and become macrophages
  • function mainly as scavengers for the tissue
  • first line of defense in inflammation
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14
Q

What is do lymphocytes do and what is their lifespan

A
  • Mainly found in lymphoid tissue
  • also circulate the blood and lympth system
  • 2 types of:
  • B lymphocytes
  • T Lymphocytes
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15
Q

What are platlets and what do they do

A
  • Smallest formed element
  • responsible for clotting
    *
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16
Q

What is Thrombopoietin?

A

Thrombopoietin is the primary regulator of platelet production

17
Q

How does hemostasis occur?

A
  1. Injuries to tissues causes chemicals to release causing vasoconstriction
  2. platlets will travel down the lumen to the affected site and adhere to the damaged area forming a Platelet plug (this is primary hemostasis
  3. The plug is strengthen by fibren which polymerizes to the platlets to form a fibermesh (this is secondary hemostasis)
  4. When the clot needs to be dissolved the fibrinolysis cascade is activated which dissolves the fibrin into Fibrin splint products
18
Q

What is fibrinolysis

A

Bodys natural way of breaking down clots and preventing unwanted clots

19
Q

What is the normal blood volume for a male, women and 1 year old

A
  • Male: 70ml/kg
  • Women: 65ml/kg
  • 1 year old: 800ml
20
Q

What is blood made up of?

A

formed elements and plasma

21
Q

What is plasma made up of

A
  • 92% water
  • 8% protein, electrolytes, clotting factors, glucouse, albumin, globulin and fribrin
22
Q

What makes up formed elements

A
  1. RBC’s (eythrocytes)
  2. WBC’s (leukocytes)
  3. Platelets
23
Q

What happens when the body loses to much blood

A
  • The body cant handle losing more than 20% of total blood
  • Hypovolemic shock can develop if blood lose happens to rapidly
24
Q

What are the 3 main organs involved in RBC production

A
  1. Bone marrow (primary cell production)
  2. Liver
  3. spleen
25
Q

What does the liver do for the blood

A
  • Filters blood and removes toxins which is essential to maintaing homeostasis
  • old RBC get broken down into bile
  • also stores blood
26
Q

What does the spleen do for blood

A
  • involved in breaking down and filtering and assisting with WBC’s production
  • Stores 1/3 of the platelets the other 2/3 are in the blood circulating
27
Q

what is ph and what is the normal blood pH

A

pH is the measurement of H+ ions
7.35-7.45

28
Q

What is the main buffer system

A

Bicarbonate buffer system

29
Q

What is acidosis and alkalosis

A
  • Acidosis: high concentration of H+ ions and therfore blood is more acidic, pH less than 7.35
  • Alkalosis: Low concentration of H+ ions therefore blood is more basic, pH more than 7.45
30
Q

What does acidosis cause

A
  • neurons become less excitable
  • CNS depression occurs: PT becomes confused and disorientated
  • Severe acidosis:
  • respiratory system become impaired
  • potential death for PT
31
Q

What does Alkalosis cause

A
  • Neurons become hyperexcitable: causes action potentials to fire at the smallest signal
  • Starts at sensory changes, numbness tingling and muscle twitching
  • Severe alkalosis:
  • Muscle twitches become sustained contractions
  • can cause paralyzed respiratory muscles
32
Q

What is metabolic acidosis and how does the body compensate?

A
  • Accumulation of abnormal acid in the blood
  • Initally PaCO2 isnt effected but the pH decreases
  • Body compensates by Respiratory alkalosis which is hyperventilating to blow of excess CO2

PCP (17 decks)

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