Block1 Flashcards
What stage is Birth - 18 months? (Freud)
Oral Stage
What stage is 18 months-3 years? (Freud)
Anal Stage
What stage is 3-6 years? (Freud)
Phallic Stage
What stage is 6-11 years old? (Freud)
Latency Stage
What stage is maturation of sexual interest? (Freud)
Genital Stage
______________ results from the repeated pairing of a neutral (conditioned) stimulus with one that evokes a response (unconditioned stimulus), such that the neutral stimulus eventually comes to evoke the response.
Classical conditioning
What is the association of things that take place together in time?
classical conditioning
When the CS is generalized to a range of tones, it is said to be a __________. Typically the dog will respond the most often and readily to the exact CS tone, but will have some response to the GS (Generalized Stimulus) similar tones and weaker responses to less similar tones again
Generalized Stimulus
If we only feed the dog when the one tone is sounded, and never feed the dog when another similar tone is sounded, the dog will soon learn to _______between the tones and stop salivating to one or the other.
discriminate
The __________ is particularly important in associative learning.
The _________participates in classical conditioning, specifically in associations involving motor skills.
hippocampus
cerebellum
__________ = If we stop feeding the dog while continuing to present a tone, we can extinguish or cancel out the conditioned response.
Extinction
____________ = The extinguished response does not entirely disappear and may spontaneously reappear at any point when the tone is presented again after a pause.
Spontaneous Recovery:
What is learning that occurs as a consequence of our actions and involves voluntary responses.
Operant Conditioning
A behavior which is rewarded tends to be repeated.
A behavior that is not rewarded tends to die out.
What is this principle?
Thorndike’s “Law effect” and operant conditioning
Not picking up a child to prevent crying is what type of psych principle?
Extinction Burst
Operant Conditioning has what type of reinforcements?
Positive and Negative Reinforcements
_________is the process of reinforcing behaviors that increasingly approximate a desired behavior.
Shaping
What is presenting a stimulus that increases the probability of the behavior that came before it (Giving a reward for a behavior.) Give a rat a food pellet every time it completes a maze.
Positive Conditioning
The simplest kind of conditioning. The learned response is instrumental in obtaining a biologically significant reward, such as a pellet of food or a drink of water.
Primary reward conditioning
The kind of learning in which instrumental behavior to get at a stimulus has no biological usefulness itself but has in the past been associated with a biologically significant stimulus. For example, chimpanzees learn to press a lever to obtain poker chips, which they insert into a slot to secure grapes. Later, they work to accumulate poker chips even when they are not interested in grapes.
Secondary reward conditioning
What kind of reinforcement is: Removing an aversive stimulus (something that causes pain or anxiety), which increases the probability of the behavior preceding it.
Negative reinforcement
What kind of negative Reinforcement: The organism learns a response that is instrumental in getting out of some place or changing some kind of setting in which it prefers not to be.
-In a hot room - turn on the air-conditioning to remove the heat
Escape conditioning
Make a response in the absence of a stimulus, to prevent it from happening.
The kind of learning in which a response to a cue is instrumental in avoiding a painful experience. A rat on a grid, for example, may avoid a shock if it quickly pushes a lever when a warning light signal goes on – thus preventing the shock.
Avoidance Conditioning
________is the delivery of an aversive stimulus or the removal of a positive stimulus
punishment
Behavior you do a lot (or prefer) can be used to reinforce behaviors you do not do very often or do not want to do.
Premack’s principle
A form of Operant Conditioning that is considered Positive Reinforcement, because it strengthens the desired behavior. What is this principle?
Catch them being good
Schedules of Reinforcement has what types of ratio and interval?
Fixed and Variable
Ratio is a number, no time here
Interval is time reinforcement
A condition known as _______________ develops when an organism learns that no behavioral pattern can influence the environment and they must live in a world where pain can be inflicted at any time.
learned helplessness
What Freud stage wants someone to establish a trusting dependence on nursing and sustaining objects, establish comfortable expression, and gratification without excessive conflict or ambivalence?
Oral Stage
What pathological traits can get kicked up via oral stage?
Excessive oral gratification or depriation can result in pathological traits such as excessive optimism, narcissism
What Freud stage can cause control issues with feces, independence, and separation?
Anal Stage
What stage has orderliness, obstinacy, stubbornness, and OCD?
Anal Stage
What stage do children have crushes on their parent and compete with the opposite parent?
Phallic Stage
What Freud Stage has the following?
The child can develop a sense of industry and a capacity for mastery of objects and concepts that allows autonomous function and with a sense of initiative without running the risk of failure or defeat or a sense of inferiority.
Latency
What three things make up the mind?
Which develops first?
Ego, ID, and Superego
ID
ID is like what?
Superego is like what?
Ego is like what?
Kid, give me, no thoughts about time, place, or consequences
Dad, tell the Kid no
Mom, is the right time and the right place
What type of mind has wish fulfillment, characterized by primitive, illogical thought, and free association?
Unconscious Mind
Also has dream, gratification, and instinctive impulses
What part of the mind only worries about aggression, sexual desires, and completely unconscious?
ID
Eros is what?
Libido is what?
driving inner force related to sexual urges and preservation of species
concept of psychic energy that drives individuals to experience sensual pleasure
Thanatos is what?
negative force driving toward aggressive and destructive behaviors
Ego is best defined by what?
Superego is best defined by what?
Who should I be
What I should not be
Ego is all about what?
Superego is all about what?
Id is all about what?
Reality principle
Moral principle
pleasure principle
What principle strives to satisfy the id’s desires in realistic and socially appropriate ways?
reality principle
What keeps the ID in check?
ego and superego, which both use both reason and morals
What principle weighs the costs and benefits of an action before deciding to act upon or abandon impulses?
reality principle
What principle comes from the ID and may rule the ego if a person has not become mature and realistic?
Pleasure principle
What part of the mind will allow behavior only in the appropriate time and place?
ego
What type of testing weighs the costs and benefits of an action before deciding to act upon or abandon an impulse?
This is deciding between fact and what?
Reality Testing
Fantasy, one of the most important action that allows for negotiating with the outside world
The psychoanalysis term means unwilling or unable to recount memories?
Resistance
What psychoanalysis is excluding distressing memories from the and conscious?
Repression
What psychoanalysis term means “recover and verbalize suppressed feelings”?
Abreaction
Catharsis is what?
Change in energy state, evidence of an emotional release
What is releasing of uncensored thought through associated memories-provides content for analysis and will be interpreted by the analyst?
Free association
What type of conditioning schedule is start with continuous and then variable interval?
variable interval
