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neuro-psych > Block1 > Flashcards

Block1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What stage is Birth - 18 months? (Freud)

A

Oral Stage

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2
Q

What stage is 18 months-3 years? (Freud)

A

Anal Stage

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3
Q

What stage is 3-6 years? (Freud)

A

Phallic Stage

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4
Q

What stage is 6-11 years old? (Freud)

A

Latency Stage

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5
Q

What stage is maturation of sexual interest? (Freud)

A

Genital Stage

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6
Q

______________ results from the repeated pairing of a neutral (conditioned) stimulus with one that evokes a response (unconditioned stimulus), such that the neutral stimulus eventually comes to evoke the response.

A

Classical conditioning

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7
Q

What is the association of things that take place together in time?

A

classical conditioning

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8
Q

When the CS is generalized to a range of tones, it is said to be a __________. Typically the dog will respond the most often and readily to the exact CS tone, but will have some response to the GS (Generalized Stimulus) similar tones and weaker responses to less similar tones again

A

Generalized Stimulus

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9
Q

If we only feed the dog when the one tone is sounded, and never feed the dog when another similar tone is sounded, the dog will soon learn to _______between the tones and stop salivating to one or the other.

A

discriminate

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10
Q

The __________ is particularly important in associative learning.
The _________participates in classical conditioning, specifically in associations involving motor skills.

A

hippocampus

cerebellum

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11
Q

__________ = If we stop feeding the dog while continuing to present a tone, we can extinguish or cancel out the conditioned response.

A

Extinction

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12
Q

____________ = The extinguished response does not entirely disappear and may spontaneously reappear at any point when the tone is presented again after a pause.

A

Spontaneous Recovery:

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13
Q

What is learning that occurs as a consequence of our actions and involves voluntary responses.

A

Operant Conditioning

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14
Q

A behavior which is rewarded tends to be repeated.
A behavior that is not rewarded tends to die out.
What is this principle?

A

Thorndike’s “Law effect” and operant conditioning

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15
Q

Not picking up a child to prevent crying is what type of psych principle?

A

Extinction Burst

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16
Q

Operant Conditioning has what type of reinforcements?

A

Positive and Negative Reinforcements

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17
Q

_________is the process of reinforcing behaviors that increasingly approximate a desired behavior.

A

Shaping

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18
Q

What is presenting a stimulus that increases the probability of the behavior that came before it (Giving a reward for a behavior.) Give a rat a food pellet every time it completes a maze.

A

Positive Conditioning

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19
Q

The simplest kind of conditioning. The learned response is instrumental in obtaining a biologically significant reward, such as a pellet of food or a drink of water.

A

Primary reward conditioning

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20
Q

The kind of learning in which instrumental behavior to get at a stimulus has no biological usefulness itself but has in the past been associated with a biologically significant stimulus. For example, chimpanzees learn to press a lever to obtain poker chips, which they insert into a slot to secure grapes. Later, they work to accumulate poker chips even when they are not interested in grapes.

A

Secondary reward conditioning

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21
Q

What kind of reinforcement is: Removing an aversive stimulus (something that causes pain or anxiety), which increases the probability of the behavior preceding it.

A

Negative reinforcement

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22
Q

What kind of negative Reinforcement: The organism learns a response that is instrumental in getting out of some place or changing some kind of setting in which it prefers not to be.
-In a hot room - turn on the air-conditioning to remove the heat

A

Escape conditioning

23
Q

Make a response in the absence of a stimulus, to prevent it from happening.
The kind of learning in which a response to a cue is instrumental in avoiding a painful experience. A rat on a grid, for example, may avoid a shock if it quickly pushes a lever when a warning light signal goes on – thus preventing the shock.

A

Avoidance Conditioning

24
Q

________is the delivery of an aversive stimulus or the removal of a positive stimulus

A

punishment

25
Q

Behavior you do a lot (or prefer) can be used to reinforce behaviors you do not do very often or do not want to do.

A

Premack’s principle

26
Q

A form of Operant Conditioning that is considered Positive Reinforcement, because it strengthens the desired behavior. What is this principle?

A

Catch them being good

27
Q

Schedules of Reinforcement has what types of ratio and interval?

A

Fixed and Variable

Ratio is a number, no time here
Interval is time reinforcement

28
Q

A condition known as _______________ develops when an organism learns that no behavioral pattern can influence the environment and they must live in a world where pain can be inflicted at any time.

A

learned helplessness

29
Q

What Freud stage wants someone to establish a trusting dependence on nursing and sustaining objects, establish comfortable expression, and gratification without excessive conflict or ambivalence?

A

Oral Stage

30
Q

What pathological traits can get kicked up via oral stage?

A

Excessive oral gratification or depriation can result in pathological traits such as excessive optimism, narcissism

31
Q

What Freud stage can cause control issues with feces, independence, and separation?

A

Anal Stage

32
Q

What stage has orderliness, obstinacy, stubbornness, and OCD?

A

Anal Stage

33
Q

What stage do children have crushes on their parent and compete with the opposite parent?

A

Phallic Stage

34
Q

What Freud Stage has the following?

The child can develop a sense of industry and a capacity for mastery of objects and concepts that allows autonomous function and with a sense of initiative without running the risk of failure or defeat or a sense of inferiority.

A

Latency

35
Q

What three things make up the mind?

Which develops first?

A

Ego, ID, and Superego

ID

36
Q

ID is like what?

Superego is like what?

Ego is like what?

A

Kid, give me, no thoughts about time, place, or consequences

Dad, tell the Kid no

Mom, is the right time and the right place

37
Q

What type of mind has wish fulfillment, characterized by primitive, illogical thought, and free association?

A

Unconscious Mind

Also has dream, gratification, and instinctive impulses

38
Q

What part of the mind only worries about aggression, sexual desires, and completely unconscious?

A

ID

39
Q

Eros is what?

Libido is what?

A

driving inner force related to sexual urges and preservation of species

concept of psychic energy that drives individuals to experience sensual pleasure

40
Q

Thanatos is what?

A

negative force driving toward aggressive and destructive behaviors

41
Q

Ego is best defined by what?

Superego is best defined by what?

A

Who should I be

What I should not be

42
Q

Ego is all about what?
Superego is all about what?
Id is all about what?

A

Reality principle
Moral principle
pleasure principle

43
Q

What principle strives to satisfy the id’s desires in realistic and socially appropriate ways?

A

reality principle

44
Q

What keeps the ID in check?

A

ego and superego, which both use both reason and morals

45
Q

What principle weighs the costs and benefits of an action before deciding to act upon or abandon impulses?

A

reality principle

46
Q

What principle comes from the ID and may rule the ego if a person has not become mature and realistic?

A

Pleasure principle

47
Q

What part of the mind will allow behavior only in the appropriate time and place?

A

ego

48
Q

What type of testing weighs the costs and benefits of an action before deciding to act upon or abandon an impulse?

This is deciding between fact and what?

A

Reality Testing

Fantasy, one of the most important action that allows for negotiating with the outside world

49
Q

The psychoanalysis term means unwilling or unable to recount memories?

A

Resistance

50
Q

What psychoanalysis is excluding distressing memories from the and conscious?

A

Repression

51
Q

What psychoanalysis term means “recover and verbalize suppressed feelings”?

A

Abreaction

52
Q

Catharsis is what?

A

Change in energy state, evidence of an emotional release

53
Q

What is releasing of uncensored thought through associated memories-provides content for analysis and will be interpreted by the analyst?

A

Free association

54
Q

What type of conditioning schedule is start with continuous and then variable interval?

A

variable interval

neuro-psych (15 decks)

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