1-31 notecards333 Flashcards
What vitamins must be analyzed for patients with neuropsychiatric symptoms?
B12 and B9
Clozapine or Carbamazepine must be monitored for what?
Agranulocytosis, low WBC, will show up as a severe throat infection
Clozapine look out for agranulocytosis, which a severe form of ___________.
Leukopenia
What is a first line drug for treating bipolar disorder? What two organs must be examined?
Lithium, look at thyroid and kidney
Lithium has a narrow what? Drug kinetics
Narrow therapeutic range
DST or dexamethasone suppression testing show what type of system problems?
Endocrine disturbances
When there is high and low cortisol, what is it?
High is Cushing Disease
Low is Addison’s Disease
What does Dexamethasone (synthetic cortisol) suppress resulting in suppression of adrenal cortisol?
ACTH, body uses that as a negative feedback loop
About half the patients with major depressive disorder have a positive what?
DST, that is the usual suppression of cortisol is limited
Patients with a positive DST, will respond well to what?
Antidepressant agents or electroconvulsive therapy
Positive Dexamethasone suppression test is not specific to what?
Major depressive disorder
If not depression, what other things can trigger an abnormal thyroid function test?
Mimic depression and anxiety
Neonatal hypothyroidism results in what?
Mental Retardation/intellectual disability
Hypothyroidism may have what type of symptoms that indicates depression?
weakness, stiffness, poor appetite, constipation, menstrual abnormalities, slowed speech, apathy, impaired memory, and even hallucinations and delusions.
Large Goiter, bulging eyes, scaly plaques is what type of hyperthyroidism?
Grave’s Disease
What are symptoms of the hyperthyroidism?
Tachycardia, palpitations, heat tolerance, elevated TSH, free T4, the autonomic nervous system is overactive
What is a state of everything slows down, weak, walk with a shuffle, reflexes are slow, intolerant of cold, slowed heart rate and constipation, less sympathetic activation?
Hypothyroidism
Decreased sweating, muscle cramps, joint pain, bradycardia/decreased cardiac output?
Hypothyroidism
What is a specific form of cutaneous edema, hypothyroidism?
Myxedema
Myxedema is really what kind of disturbance? What are other symptoms?
Connective tissue
Peripheral edema, deepened voice, and elevated proteoglycans/GAG
Parathyroid hormone modulates serum what?
Calcium and phosphorus
When para thyroid hormone is bad, low levels may produce what symptoms?
Depression, confusion, or delirium
What does the moans, groans, stones, and bones characterization of what?
Hyperparathyroidism
Hyperpigmentation of the skin, low blood pressure, pain, fainting, hypoglycemia, diarrhea, are physical signs of what?
Addison Disease
Addisson has depression, fatigue, psychosis, and what else?
Confusion, psych components
Cushing disease is found by elevated what?
Has what classic physical symptoms?
Glucocorticoids
Moon face and buffalo hump
Patients with depression may have what other endocrine disturbances (name the hormones)?
Growth Hormone, melatonin, and gonadotropin
Some atypical anti-psychotic agents have associated with what serum markers?
What is one other psych disease?
Elevated glucose, development of diabetes, look for glycosylated hemoglobin
Delirium
If a metabolic/enzyme disorders with psych symptoms are bad, what might they have?
Acute intermittent porphyria
Elevated porphobilinogen is what disease, with a purple urine, window sill test?
Acute intermittent porphyria
A structural form of imaging, looked at enlarge brain ventricles, major neurocognitive disorder?
Xray … CT scans
MRI are used for structural techniques, shows what really?
Physical appearance, no ionizing radiation
The NMRI allows you to diagnosis what condition?
Multiple Sclerosis, look for demyelinating disease
What technique allows localization of the brain for physiologically specific tasks?
Positron Emission Tomography
Localizes parts of the brain, looks at functional and structural data, can reveal structures and processes associated with perception?
Functional MRI
What is similar to PET or fMRI, more practical for clinical use?
Single photon emission tomography (SPECT)
What measures electrical activity in the cortex, is diagnosing epilepsy and delirium?
EEG
Can tell the difference between delirium and dementia?
EEG, dementia is normal EEG
What does amobarbital sodium affect in the patient?
Relax them, helps to discover disinhibition if organic (something else) or actual psych
What do sedatives help do for patient interviews?
Help the patient relax, high levels of anxiety, mute psychotic states
Test to see if a patient has panic attacks or not?
Sodium Lactate, don?t really do this, CO2 can do this too
Galvanic skin test tests for what?
Lie detector, results in decreased skin resistance
What test is used for meningitis, look at CSF?
Spinal Tap
Intracranial hypertension has too much vitamin what?
Vitamin A, look at with Lumbar Puncture
What is the change in a person that encompass biological, psych, and social process over a lifespan, and is heavily influenced by the historical and cultural context?
Development
What refers to the ability of neural connections to reorganize themselves?
Plasticity
In the developing brain, the extension of dendritic arms of the cells is what?
Arborization
Pruning is neuronal loss, brain becomes better, but what age does this happen?
Increases about age 2
What part of the brain myelinates later, influencing attention, decision making, and impulse control?
Frontal lobe
Language acquisition goes on for the first five years, after that many processes are not as touchy. What are the periods during the first five years refer too?
Critical/Sensitive periods/Windows
Neural networks, each experience their own pattern, priming occurs, here which is what?
One stimulus influences another one
What is a popular molecular hypothesis used to account for environmental contributions to schizophrenia?
Epigenetics
