1-31 notecards333

Question 1

What vitamins must be analyzed for patients with neuropsychiatric symptoms?

Answer 1

B12 and B9

Question 2

Clozapine or Carbamazepine must be monitored for what?

Answer 2

Agranulocytosis, low WBC, will show up as a severe throat infection

Question 3

Clozapine look out for agranulocytosis, which a severe form of ___________.

Answer 3

Leukopenia

Question 4

What is a first line drug for treating bipolar disorder? What two organs must be examined?

Answer 4

Lithium, look at thyroid and kidney

Question 5

Lithium has a narrow what? Drug kinetics

Answer 5

Narrow therapeutic range

Question 6

DST or dexamethasone suppression testing show what type of system problems?

Answer 6

Endocrine disturbances

Question 7

When there is high and low cortisol, what is it?

Answer 7

High is Cushing Disease

Low is Addison’s Disease

Question 8

What does Dexamethasone (synthetic cortisol) suppress resulting in suppression of adrenal cortisol?

Answer 8

ACTH, body uses that as a negative feedback loop

Question 9

About half the patients with major depressive disorder have a positive what?

Answer 9

DST, that is the usual suppression of cortisol is limited

Question 10

Patients with a positive DST, will respond well to what?

Answer 10

Antidepressant agents or electroconvulsive therapy

Question 11

Positive Dexamethasone suppression test is not specific to what?

Answer 11

Major depressive disorder

Question 12

If not depression, what other things can trigger an abnormal thyroid function test?

Answer 12

Mimic depression and anxiety

Question 13

Neonatal hypothyroidism results in what?

Answer 13

Mental Retardation/intellectual disability

Question 14

Hypothyroidism may have what type of symptoms that indicates depression?

Answer 14

weakness, stiffness, poor appetite, constipation, menstrual abnormalities, slowed speech, apathy, impaired memory, and even hallucinations and delusions.

Question 15

Large Goiter, bulging eyes, scaly plaques is what type of hyperthyroidism?

Answer 15

Grave’s Disease

Question 16

What are symptoms of the hyperthyroidism?

Answer 16

Tachycardia, palpitations, heat tolerance, elevated TSH, free T4, the autonomic nervous system is overactive

Question 17

What is a state of everything slows down, weak, walk with a shuffle, reflexes are slow, intolerant of cold, slowed heart rate and constipation, less sympathetic activation?

Answer 17

Hypothyroidism

Question 18

Decreased sweating, muscle cramps, joint pain, bradycardia/decreased cardiac output?

Answer 18

Hypothyroidism

Question 19

What is a specific form of cutaneous edema, hypothyroidism?

Answer 19

Myxedema

Question 20

Myxedema is really what kind of disturbance? What are other symptoms?

Answer 20

Connective tissue

Peripheral edema, deepened voice, and elevated proteoglycans/GAG

Question 21

Parathyroid hormone modulates serum what?

Answer 21

Calcium and phosphorus

Question 22

When para thyroid hormone is bad, low levels may produce what symptoms?

Answer 22

Depression, confusion, or delirium

Question 23

What does the moans, groans, stones, and bones characterization of what?

Answer 23

Hyperparathyroidism

Question 24

Hyperpigmentation of the skin, low blood pressure, pain, fainting, hypoglycemia, diarrhea, are physical signs of what?

Answer 24

Addison Disease

Question 25

Addisson has depression, fatigue, psychosis, and what else?

Answer 25

Confusion, psych components

Question 26

Cushing disease is found by elevated what? Has what classic physical symptoms?

Answer 26

Glucocorticoids Moon face and buffalo hump

Question 27

Patients with depression may have what other endocrine disturbances (name the hormones)?

Answer 27

Growth Hormone, melatonin, and gonadotropin

Question 28

Some atypical anti-psychotic agents have associated with what serum markers? What is one other psych disease?

Answer 28

Elevated glucose, development of diabetes, look for glycosylated hemoglobin Delirium

Question 29

If a metabolic/enzyme disorders with psych symptoms are bad, what might they have?

Answer 29

Acute intermittent porphyria

Question 30

Elevated porphobilinogen is what disease, with a purple urine, window sill test?

Answer 30

Acute intermittent porphyria

Question 31

A structural form of imaging, looked at enlarge brain ventricles, major neurocognitive disorder?

Answer 31

Xray … CT scans

Question 32

MRI are used for structural techniques, shows what really?

Answer 32

Physical appearance, no ionizing radiation

Question 33

The NMRI allows you to diagnosis what condition?

Answer 33

Multiple Sclerosis, look for demyelinating disease

Question 34

What technique allows localization of the brain for physiologically specific tasks?

Answer 34

Positron Emission Tomography

Question 35

Localizes parts of the brain, looks at functional and structural data, can reveal structures and processes associated with perception?

Answer 35

Functional MRI

Question 36

What is similar to PET or fMRI, more practical for clinical use?

Answer 36

Single photon emission tomography (SPECT)

Question 37

What measures electrical activity in the cortex, is diagnosing epilepsy and delirium?

Answer 37

EEG

Question 38

Can tell the difference between delirium and dementia?

Answer 38

EEG, dementia is normal EEG

Question 39

What does amobarbital sodium affect in the patient?

Answer 39

Relax them, helps to discover disinhibition if organic (something else) or actual psych

Question 40

What do sedatives help do for patient interviews?

Answer 40

Help the patient relax, high levels of anxiety, mute psychotic states

Question 41

Test to see if a patient has panic attacks or not?

Answer 41

Sodium Lactate, don?t really do this, CO2 can do this too

Question 42

Galvanic skin test tests for what?

Answer 42

Lie detector, results in decreased skin resistance

Question 43

What test is used for meningitis, look at CSF?

Answer 43

Spinal Tap

Question 44

Intracranial hypertension has too much vitamin what?

Answer 44

Vitamin A, look at with Lumbar Puncture

Question 45

What is the change in a person that encompass biological, psych, and social process over a lifespan, and is heavily influenced by the historical and cultural context?

Answer 45

Development

Question 46

What refers to the ability of neural connections to reorganize themselves?

Answer 46

Plasticity

Question 47

In the developing brain, the extension of dendritic arms of the cells is what?

Answer 47

Arborization

Question 48

Pruning is neuronal loss, brain becomes better, but what age does this happen?

Answer 48

Increases about age 2

Question 49

What part of the brain myelinates later, influencing attention, decision making, and impulse control?

Answer 49

Frontal lobe

Question 50

Language acquisition goes on for the first five years, after that many processes are not as touchy. What are the periods during the first five years refer too?

Answer 50

Critical/Sensitive periods/Windows

Question 51

Neural networks, each experience their own pattern, priming occurs, here which is what?

Answer 51

One stimulus influences another one

Question 52

What is a popular molecular hypothesis used to account for environmental contributions to schizophrenia?

Answer 52

Epigenetics