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IHO week 6 and Final > Block 3 high yield > Flashcards

Block 3 high yield Flashcards

1
Q

Fibrinoid necrosis

Type ? hypersensitivity

A

Type 3

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2
Q

granuloma with central necrosis

A

caseating

ie. TB

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3
Q

HER-2/NEU overexpression

A

breast cancer

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4
Q

KRAS mutation

A

colorectal cancer

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5
Q

N-MYC gene amplification

A

neuroblastoma

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6
Q

t(8;14)

A

Burkitt Lymphoma

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7
Q

t(9;22)

A

CML

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8
Q

BCR-ABL

A

CML

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9
Q

“Two hit” hypothesis

A

lose BOTH tumor suppressor genes

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10
Q

Rb mutation

13q14

A

retinoblastoma

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11
Q

APC tumor supressor gene

A

colorectal carcinoma

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12
Q

BCRA1/BCRA2

A

breast
ovary
prostate

cancers

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13
Q

molecular “policeman”

A

p53

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14
Q

high glucose use by cancer cells

A

Warburg Effect

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15
Q

t(14;18)

overexpressed BCL-2

A

B-cell lymphoma

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16
Q

immortality of cancer cells – evasion of mitotic crisis

A

maintenance of telomeres

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17
Q

Th1’s polarized by:

A

IL-12

IL-18

INF-y

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18
Q

Th1’s secrete:

A

INF-y

TNF

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19
Q

Th17’s polarized by:

A

TGF-B

IL-1

IL-6

IL-23

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20
Q

Th17’s secrete:

A

IL-17

IL-22

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21
Q

Th2’s polarized by:

A

IL-4

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22
Q

Th2’s secrete:

A

IL-4

IL-5

IL-13

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23
Q

Tfh’s polarized by:

A

IL-6

IL-21

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24
Q

Thf’s secrete:

A

IL-4

IL-21

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25
Q

Treg’s polarized by:

A

IL-2

TGF-B

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26
Q

Treg’s secrete:

A

IL-10

TGF-B

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27
Q

No Treg’s?

A

IPEX

out of control T-cells

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28
Q

T-bet

A

Th1

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29
Q

GATA3

A

Th2

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30
Q

RORyt

A

Th17

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31
Q

Bcl-6

A

Tfh

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32
Q

FOXP3

A

Treg

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33
Q

Always high MHC II

Always high CD80/86 (B7)

A

dendrites

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34
Q

need activation to express:

MHC II

costim molecules

A

macrophages

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35
Q

always express MHC II

need activation to express co-stim molecules

A

B cells

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36
Q

LFA-1 (leukocyte functional antigen) binds:

A

ICAM-1

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37
Q

CD2 binds:

A

LFA-3 (on APC)

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38
Q

TCR chain needing V, J

A

alpha

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39
Q

TCR chain needing V, D, J

A

beta

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40
Q

HLA-A, B, C

A

MHC I

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41
Q

HLA-B27

A

ankylosing spondylitis

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42
Q

HLA-DR2

A

MS

hay fever

narcolepsy

SLE

43
Q

HLA-A3/B14

A

hemochromatosis

44
Q

HLA-DQ2/GQ8

A

Celiac disease

45
Q

HLA-DR3

A

DM I

Grave’s Disease

46
Q

HLA-DR4

A

RA

DM I

47
Q

HLA-B53

A

protection against childhood malaria

48
Q

Malignancy of hematopoietic cells, starts in bone marrow:

A

leukemia

49
Q

Malignancy of hematopoietic cells, starts in lymph nodes:

A

lymphoma

50
Q

Leukemia occurring only in adults

A

Chronic

51
Q

% blast cell requirement for dx of AML?

A

20%

52
Q

M0-M3

A

neutrophil series

53
Q

M4-5

A

monocytic series

54
Q

M6

A

erythroid series

55
Q

M7

A

megakaryocytic series

56
Q

LOTS of myeloblasts

MPO negative

A

AML-M0

57
Q

LOTS of myeloblasts

AUER rods

MPO positive

no maturation

A

AML-M1

58
Q

kind of a lot of myeloblasts

maturing neuts

t(8;21) = better prognosis

A

AML-M2

59
Q

LOTS of promyelocytes

TONS of AUER rodes (FAGGOT cells)

t(15;17) in all cases

DIC

A

AML-M3

60
Q

lots of myeloblasts

lots of monocytic cells

Extramedullary tumor masses

inv(16) = better prog

A

AML-M4

61
Q

increased monocytic cells

NSE positive

extramedullary tumor masses

A

AML-M5

62
Q

inc erythroblasts

increased myeloblasts

dyserythropoesis

A

AML-M6

63
Q

inc megakaryoblasts

bland blasts

MPO negative

need markers

A

AML-M7

64
Q

t(8;21)

A

M2, good prog

65
Q

inv(16)

A

M4, good prog

66
Q

t(15;17)

A

M3, good prog

67
Q

11q23

A

monocytic, bad prog

68
Q

FLT-3

A

tyrosine kinase

monocytic

poor prog

69
Q

severe pancytopenia

chromosome 5,7 abnormalities

A

AML with multilineage dysplasia

70
Q

Atra

A

pre-chemo for t(15;17)

71
Q

teenage male with mediastinal mass

A

ALL

T-Lymphoblastic

72
Q

TdT+

A

B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma

73
Q

worse prog for ALL

A

T-cell

74
Q

good prog age for ALL

A

1-10

75
Q

good WBC count for ALL

A
76
Q

good cytogenetics for ALL

A

hyperdiploidy

77
Q

Malaria deaths in a year world wide?

A

655,000

78
Q

Most common Plasmodium species?

A

vivax

falciparum

79
Q

Life stage of plasmodium that infects hepatocyte:

A

Sporozoite

80
Q

Life stage of Plasmodium infects RBC?

A

merozoite

81
Q

life cycle of Plasmodium in RBC:

A

merozoite –> trophozoite –> schizont –> merozite

82
Q

most deadly Plasmodium

A

falciparum

83
Q

hepatic relapse species of Plasmodium:

A

vivax

ovale

84
Q

banana gametocytes

A

P. falciparum

85
Q

rosette merozoites

A

P. malariae

86
Q

BIG red cells

Schuffner’s dots

A

P. ovale and vivax

87
Q

forms RBC rosettes

A

P. falciparum

88
Q

knobbs on RBC surface

bind to endothelial cells

A

PFEMP

89
Q

Quotidian

A

P. falciparum

90
Q

Tertian

A

P. vivax or ovale

91
Q

Quartan

A

P. malariae

92
Q

gold standard dx for malaria

A

blood smear

93
Q

TONS of rings in RBC

A

P. falciparum

94
Q

Tx for latent malaria infx:

A

Primaquine

95
Q

Prevents FPIX –> hemozoin

keeps cell toxic for plasmodium killing

A

Chloroquine

96
Q

Malaria drug

eye damage, blindness

A

chloroquine

97
Q

used in chloroquine resistant P. falciparum

A

Quinine

Quinidine

98
Q

Cardiac probs

A

Quinidine

99
Q

Neuropsychiatric reactions

A

Mefloquine

100
Q

Inhibits parasite e transport

A

Atovaquone

101
Q

Inhibits parasite DHFR

A

proguanil

102
Q

Produces free radicals to damage parasite proteins

A

Artemisinins

103
Q

Long 1/2 life

use with artemether

A

Lumefantrine

IHO week 6 and Final (14 decks)

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