BL6 - Epithelial Flashcards
What is psoriasis?
long-lasting autoimmune disease which is characterized by patches of abnormal skin. These skin patches are typically red, itchy, and scaly.
What disease do dark skinned individuals suffer from in
temperate climates?
Vitamin D deficiency
What diseases do light skinned individuals risk in equatorial
climates?
Skin Cancer
megaloblastic anemia
Folate deficiency in pregnant women
Oxidative damage
What is albinism?
a congenital disorder characterized by the complete or partial absence of pigment in the skin, hair and eyes
What is a melanocyte?
A cell that produces melanin (found between the dermis and epidermis)
How is melanin made fit for purpose? (Transported)
- Secreted into vesicles (melanosome)
- Microtubules transport them to a keratinocyte
- Melanin secreted into cytoplasm and congregate around the supra-nuclear region of cytoplasm
What is the GI mucosa made up of?
Muscular mucosae
Lamina Propria (CT)
Epithelium
What are serous membrane?
Consist of?
Two-part membranes
Simple squamous
Thin Layer of CT
What are the three types serous membrane?
Pericardial sac
Pleura
Peritoneum
How are epithelial cells named?
First name is the number of cells and the second is the type.
Simple cells?
Single layer of cells
Stratified cells?
Layers of cells
Pseudostratified cells
comprising only a single layer of cells, has its cell nuclei positioned in a manner suggestive of stratified epithelia.
Name the three cell shapes
Squamous - flat
Cuboidal
Columnar
What is transitional epithelium?
Layers of epi cells that can expand and contract.
Found in bladder
What is Rubor?
A sign. Redness
What is Tumor
A sign. Swelling
What is Calor
A sign. Heat. Calor gas
What is Dolor
A symptom. PAIN
Simple squamous cells- Location? 3/5
1) Lining of blood and lymph vessels (endothelium)
2) Alveoli
Lining of body cavities (peritoneum, peleura, pericardium)
3) Bowmans capule
4)Loop of henley
Simple cuboidal cells- Location? 3/4
1) Pancreatic Duct (small ducts around exocrine glands)
2) Around thyroid follicles
3) Collecting ducts
4 surface of ovaries
Simple squamous cells- Location/Function? 3/5
1) Lining of blood and lymph vessels (endothelium) NUTRIENT EXCHANGE
2) Alveoli GAS EXCHANGE
Lining of body cavities (peritoneum, peleura, pericardium) LUBRICATION
3) Bowmans capule BARRIER
4)Loop of henley
Simple cuboidal cells function
- Absorption & secretion
- Barrier/covering (ovary)
- Hormone synthesis, storage and mobilisation (thyroid)
Simple Columnar cells location 4
Stomach lining & gastric glands Small intestine & colon Gallbladder Large ducts of some exocrine glands Oviducts Uterus Ductuli efferentes of testis
Simple pseudostratified cells location 4
Lining of nasal cavity, trachea and bronchi
Epididymis and ductus deferens
Auditory tube and part of tympanic cavity
Lacrimal sac
Large excretory ducts
STRATFIED SQUAMOUS NON-KERATINIZED
location 4
Oral cavity Oesophagus Larynx Vagina Part of anal canal Surface of cornea Inner surface of eyelid
STRATFIED SQUAMOUS NON-KERATINIZED function
Protect from abrasion
Reduces water loss
STRATFIED SQUAMOUS KERATINIZED
location
Skin
STRATFIED SQUAMOUS KERATINIZED function 4
Protection against abrasion and physical trauma
Prevents water loss
Prevents ingress of microbes
Shields against UV light damage
TRANSITIONAL epithelium is found where? 3/4
Renal calyces (singular, calyx)
Ureters
Bladder
Urethra
How are glands classified?
By destination of secretion
By structure of the gland
By nature of the secretion
By the method of discharge
Classification by destination of secretion
Exocrine
Endocrine
What is an exocrine gland?
gland with ducts
What is an Endocrine gland?
‘ductless glands’ which secrete into the bloodstream
Classification by structure? 3 types
- unicellular / multicellular 2. acinar / tubular
3. coiled / branched
Merocrine
cells excrete their substances by exocytosis; for example, pancreatic acinar cells.
SWEAT GLANDS
Apocrine
a portion of the cell membrane that contains the excretion buds off.
MAMMARY GLANDS
Holocrine
the entire cell disintegrates to excrete its substance; for example, sebaceous glands of the skin and nose.
sebaceous glands of the skin (SEBUM)
meibomian glands of the eyelid
