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Body Logistics > BL10 > Flashcards

BL10 Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the sternal angle?

A

T3/4 angle of louis. Where the 2nd rib attaches

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2
Q

How many membranes are in the lung?

A 
2 - mucous membrane (airways)
serous membrane (air sacs)
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3
Q

How many linings are there in the lung?

What are these called

A

2 - Parietal (external) membrane
Visceral (internal) membrane

Pleura

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4
Q

If the pleural cavity fills with air what is it called?

A

pneumothorax

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5
Q

If the pleural cavity fills with blood what is it called?

A

haemothorax

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6
Q

If the pleural cavity fills with pus what is it called?

A

empyema

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7
Q

If the pleural cavity fills with a watery transudate or exudate what is it called?

A

pleural effusion

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8
Q

Where do the intercostal blood vessels and nerves run in relation to the ribs?

A

Posteriorly

(Intercostal nerves and vessels run in the costal groove along the
inferior border of each rib.)

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9
Q

Which organ do the phrenic nerves transverse?

A

The heart (or more accurately the middle mediastinum)

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10
Q

Which lung has 3 lobes?

A

Right

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11
Q

Which three components make up the respiratory portion of the respiratory tract?
Bonus - What epithelium?

A

Bronchioles (Simple cuboidal)
Aveolar ducts (Simple cuboidal)
Aveoli (Simple squamous)

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12
Q

The nasal cavity is made up of two different types of cells?

A

Non-olfactory regions (Pseudostratified ciliated epithelium)
Olfactory regions (Particularly thick pseudostratified
columnar epithelium, without
goblet cells,)

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13
Q

Vocal cord - what is it made of?

A

large bundle of

elastic fibres, running front to back

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14
Q

Which bronchus is more likely to get foreign objects going down in ?

A

Right

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15
Q

What type of epithelium is found in the trachea?

A

Pseudostratified

ciliated epithelium

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16
Q

Name 3 symptoms that CF patients get.

A

Sticky mucus in the lungs
Infertile (unformed vas deferens)
Reduced pancreatic secretions from blocked ducts (THICK SECRETIONS)
Clubbing

17
Q

As bronchioles get smaller what do goblet cells turn into?

A

Clara cells

Clara cells secrete a surfactant lipoprotein

18
Q

Alveoli are made up of two types of cells. What are they? %? Function

A

Type I - simple squamous 90%
Gas exchange

Type II simple cuboidal
Produce surfactant

19
Q

What is EMPHYSEMA?

A

Destruction of alveolar walls, permanent enlargement of air spaces. Alveolar walls normally hold
bronchioles open, allowing air to leave the lungs on exhalation. When these walls are damaged, bronchioles collapse, making it difficult for the lungs to empty. Air becomes trapped in the alveoli

20
Q

What causes EMPHYSEMA? 2

A

Smoking

Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency

21
Q

What is PNEUMONIA?

A

Inflammation of the lung caused by bacteria. Causes the swelling/hardening of tissue due to inflammatory cells

22
Q

Which system to the breasts fall into?

A

Reproductive

23
Q

What type of gland is it?

A

Modified APOCRINE SWEAT GLAND

24
Q

What’s Poland syndrome?

2 effects

A

Rare birth defect

  1. No pecs on one side of the chest
  2. Webbing of fingers
25
Q

How many lobes are there?

A

15-20

26
Q

What is the name of the ligament that supports the breat?

A

Coopers suspensory ligament

27
Q

Breast cancer effects how many people? Incidence

A

1/8

28
Q

Name the 3 arteries that supply the breasts.

A
  1. External mammary
  2. Internal mammary
  3. Inter-costal arteries
29
Q

Name 4 risk factors associated with breast cancer?

A 
Sex
Age
Genetics (family history)
Alcohol
Obesity
Radiation
30
Q

What 4 things help reduced the risk of breast cancer

A

First pregnancy before the age of 30
Breast feeding
Exercise
Healthy organic diet?

31
Q

What are the treatments? 2 kinds

A

Surgery

  • Wide local excision
  • Mastectomy
32
Q

What is the term used to describe surface tension in water?

A

Co-hesion

33
Q

What does parietal pleura cover?

A

Lines the chest wall

34
Q

What does visceral pleura cover?

A

Covers the lung

35
Q

Whats found between the two pleura?

A

Pleural fluid

36
Q

Function of pleural fluid? 2

A

Reduced friction

Surface tension to prevent lung recoiling and collapsing

37
Q

Whats the pressure in the pleural cavity?

A

Negative or

  • 8cmH20 inspiration
  • 4cmH20 exhalation
38
Q

What happens if the pressure gradient drops?

Whats the clinical term for this?

A

Lungs collapse

pneumothorax

Body Logistics (12 decks)

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