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Body Logistics > BL12 - Embryology > Flashcards

BL12 - Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

Name the unspecialised cell that creates sperm?

A

Spermatogonium

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2
Q

Explain the differentiation process of sperm cells

A

Spermatogonium -MITOSIS- Primary spermatocytes - MEIOSIS 1- secondary spermacytes -MEIOSIS 2- spermatids

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3
Q

Explain the differentiation process of egg cells

A

oogonium - primary oocyte - secondary oocyte - ovum + 3 polar bodies

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4
Q

Name the unspecialised cell that creates sperm?

A

oogonium

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5
Q

In females when does meiosis one occur for primary oocytes?

A

Puberty

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6
Q

In females when does meiosis 2 occur for secondary oocytes?

A

Apon the entry of the sperm

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7
Q

Where are the ova formed?

A

Ovaries

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8
Q

What part of the female reproductive organ are the released into?

A

Ampulla of the fallopian tube

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9
Q

What is the cervix

A

Tight circular muscle that sits between the vagina and the uterus

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10
Q

How long do sperm live for?

A

5 days

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11
Q

How long do secondary oocytes live for?

A

12-24hrs

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12
Q

What are the two layers a sperm must get through to get to the egg?

A

Corona Radiata

Zona Pelucida

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13
Q

What is the embryonic age?

A

Time since fertiliasation

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14
Q

What is the gestational age?

A

Time since last period

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15
Q

What is the embryonic period?

A

3-8 weeks

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16
Q

What is the foetal period?

A

9-38 weeks

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17
Q

In IVF what stage is the zygote at when it is implanted?

A

Blastocyst

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18
Q

What is the process called when the zona pellucida is lost?

A

Hatching

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19
Q

Fertilisation =
Day 4
Day 5

A

Zygote
Morula
Blastocyst (inner and outcell mass)

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20
Q

What does trophoblast mean?

A

FOOD BUD

Outer cell mass in a blastocyst

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21
Q

Where is a normal implantation?

A

Superior and posterior

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22
Q

What day is implantation day?

A

6th Day

23
Q

What is an ectopic pregnancy?

A

When the blastocyst doesn’t implant in the uterus

24
Q

What is placenta previa?

A

Implantation occurs at the bottom of the uterus so the birthing canal will be blocked. Can cause haemorrhage on birth so caesarean sections used

25
Q

What occurs in week 2 to the Inner mass cell ?

A

Inner mass cell divide into Epiblast

Hypoblast

26
Q

What occurs in week 2 to the Trophoblast?

A

Divides and forms Cytotrophoblast synctiotropoblasts

27
Q

What cavities forms in week 2? and where do they come from?

A

Hypoblast forms
Yolk sack
Chorionic cavity

28
Q

What does the Yolk sack form from?

A

Hypoblast

29
Q

What does the epiblast form?

A

Amniotic cavity

30
Q

What is gastrulation?

A

Establishment of 3 germ layers

31
Q

Name the key events of embryology. 6

A

1) Fertilisation Wk1
2) Implantation Wk2
3) Gastrulation Wk3
4) Neurulation
5) Segmentation
6) Folding

32
Q

What feature appears on the epiblast of at the end of the second week?

A

Primitive streak and primitive node

33
Q

How does a bilayer become a trilayer?

A

Epiblast and Hypoblast

Hypoblast is displaced by new cells that form the mesoderm

34
Q

What does the ectoderm form?

A

Epidermis and Neural Crest (later NS)

35
Q

What does the mesoderm form?

and then give 4 examples

A

Somites
muscle; the cartilage of the ribs and vertebrae; the dermis, the notochord, blood and blood vessels, bone, and connective tissue.

36
Q

What does the endoderm form?

A

endoderm gives rise to the epithelium of the digestive system and respiratory system, and organs associated with the digestive system, such as the liver and pancreas

37
Q

What to the two gaps in the mesosome form?

A

Mouth and Anus

38
Q

What is Situs inversus?

A

Condition where organs are reversed

39
Q

When does the new human become bilaterally symmetrical?

A

End of week 2.

Prior to gastrulation

40
Q

What is the notochord formed from?

A

Mesoderm

41
Q

What is the notochords role in Neuralation?

A

signalling role
Notochord directs conversion of overlying ectoderm to
NEURECTODERM

42
Q

What happens to the mesoderm in neurulation?

A

splanchnic mesoderm
somatic mesoderm
intraembryonic
coelom

Organisation of paraxial mesoderm into segments

43
Q

What is neurulation?

A

Folding of the neural plate into neural tube

44
Q

What is a somite?

A

Somites block of mesoderm cells arranged around a small cavity

45
Q

What two things happen is segmentation?

A

gives rise to repeating structures (ribs, vertebrae, spinal cord segments)
Guides innervation

46
Q

How many somites?

A

31

47
Q

Into which tissue does the blastocyst implant normally?

A

Uterine lining

48
Q

At which developmental stage does implantation normally occur?

A

Blastocyst

49
Q

From which embryonic tissue are the three germ layers (and consequently all of the tissues of the body) derived?

A

Epiblast

50
Q

Initial development of which system of the body is

driven directly by the notochord?

A

Central nervous system

51
Q

Which tissue lines the intraembryonic coelom (body cavity)?

A

Mesoderm

52
Q

The notochord forms the nucleus pulposus of

intervertebral disk.. T/F?

A

True

53
Q

Which part of the mother immune system is dampened during pregnancy?

A

Cell mediated Response

Body Logistics (12 decks)

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