BL1 Flashcards
Who developed the microscope?
Robert Hook (Cork)
Name three single cells?
Sperm, oocyte, Blood cells
Microscopy – what are the 3 stages for making slides?
Preserve, Embed, Stain. Prevent from rotting, allow the substance to be cut thinly and to stain so you can see components.
What is used in each step of Microscopy?
Formalin/freezing, Paraffin, Haematoxylin and Eosin
In H&E Microscopy what gets stained (colour?) is the E?
Eosin – stains cytoplasm and ECM pink
In H&E Microscopy what gets stained (colour?) is the H?
Haematoxylin – stains nucleus blue
Whats the 1 pro and 2 cons of freeze sectioning?
Quick 10mins.
Technical quality is worse
Specimen degrades
What indicates gout on a microscopic slide?
Yellow needle shaped Monosodium urate crystals
What indicates Psuedogout on a microscopic slide
Blue rod or rhomboid Calcium pyrophosphate dehydrate crystals
Ultrasound. What gives a good resolution?
Short wavelength high frequency
What needs to be maintained in homeostasis? Give 6
Conc of nutrients, conc of 02 CO2 salt, pH, Temp, volume and pressure
Whats the integumentary system
Organs that protect the body from external water loss/abrasions
What is the endocrine system?
Production of hormones to regulate a number of functions
Name the 11 organs found in the endocrine system
Hypothalamus Pituitary Gland Pineal gland Thyroid Parathyroid Thymus Pancreas Adrenal Glands Placenta during pregnancy Testes Ovary
Name the endocrine organs found in the head. 3
Hypothalamus
Pituitary Gland
Pineal gland
What is the Innate immune response?
NON-SPECIFIC IMMUNE RESPONSE (soldiers) come into play immediately or within hours of an antigen’s appearance in the body. These mechanisms include physical barriers such as skin, chemicals in the blood
What is the adaptive immune response?
SPECIFIC IMMUNE RESPONSE
What is the Humoral response ?
SPECIFIC IMMUNE RESPONSE (SPIES) in the FLUIDS of the body. Involves B Lymphocytes
What is the cell mediated response?
SPECIFIC IMMUNE RESPONSE (SPIES) in the Cells of the body. Involves T Lymphocytes
Where does the iodine in our diet come from? Why is this a bad idea during pregnancy?
Seafood, meat, dairy
Organic milk contains a 1/3 less iodine than normal
What does the word ‘goitre’ mean?
is a swelling of the thyroid gland that causes a lump to form in the front of the neck.
What is the difference between prevalence and incidence
(IRate) Incidence is the proportion or predicted Rate of a disease within a population.
Prevalence is the number of people with a condition.
incidence conveys information about the risk of contracting the disease, whereas prevalence indicates how widespread the disease is
FUN. how many bones in a human body?
206
Important. How is immune response classified?
CASTLE ANALOGY. non-specific and specific immune response. Non-specific response (Inflammation SOLDIERS) and Specific Immune response (SPIES made up of Humoral response and Cell mediated response. Just differ in location of fighting)
How do monoclonal antibodies get formed?
APC->T Helper-> Activate B lymphocytes - which fuse with myeloma-> hybridoma-> monoclonal antibodies
Why are antibodies effective?
Specifically bind to pathogens
Block receptors/neutralisation
Allow easier identification for macrophages
What is the antibody complementary binding site called?
Epitope
Whats the function of microtubules?
E.g 2 MT structures
Provide cytoskeletal support
Can act as conveyor belts
Cilia and Centroles
What are the two systems used to communicate?
Nervous
Endocrine
What are the peripheral nerves found in the head called?
Cranial Nerves
Where a T cells produced?
Bone marrow
Mature in thymus
Where are B cells produced?
Bone marrow
How can antibodies be used in histochemistry
Attach a fluorescent marker to them and the specifically bind to the area of interest
