Biology Unit 1 Flashcards
0
Q
What is the ultimate source of energy for all things?
A
THE SUN
1
Q
What are the basic themes in Biology?
A
EVOLUTION OF LIFE ADAPTATION NATURAL SELECTION GENETIC VARIATION ARTIFICIAL BREEDING
2
Q
What is a producer?
A
A “producer” produces their own food from raw materials and energy from the sun
3
Q
What is an autotroph?
A
An autotroph is another name for a producer
4
Q
What is photosynthesis?
A
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants make food for themselves
5
Q
What are consumers/heterotrophs?
A
Consumers/heterotrophs depend on producers for food, energy, and oxygen
6
Q
Survival of organisms depends upon the __________ ________ ____ __________ from generation to generation.
A
Orderly transmission of information
7
Q
An information transfer involves:
A
GENES AND PROTEINS
8
Q
What are genes?
A
THE HEREDITARY MATERIAL
9
Q
What are proteins?
A
Basic molecules in cells which are responsible for cell structure and function. (FORM BUILDING BLOCKS, HORMONES, ENZYMES)
10
Q
All living things are composed of ___________
A
CELLS
11
Q
___________ are the structural/functional unit of all living things
A
CELLS
12
Q
_______________ have no true nucleus or other organelles
A
PROKARYOTIC CELLS
13
Q
_____________ have a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles.
A
EUKARYOTIC
14
Q
Examples of Prokaryotic cells include:
A
EUBACTERIA AND ARCHAEABACTERIA
15
Q
The method of growth and development includes an increase in both the __________ and _________ of cells.
A
SIZE AND NUMBER
16
Q
______________ is all the changes that occur in a lifetime
A
DEVELOPMENT
17
Q
________________ is the sum total of all CHEMICAL REACTIONS that take place in the body/organism
A
METABOLISM
18
Q
___________ means “breaking down”
A
CATABOLISM
19
Q
Two examples of catabolism includes:
A
DIGESTION and CELLULAR RESPIRATION
20
Q
_______________ means “building up”
A
ANABOLISM
21
Q
Three examples of anabolism include:
A
PHOTOSYNTHESIS, PROTEIN SYNTHESIS, and DNA REPLICATION
22
Q
_____________ is the body’s ability to maintain a constant or stable internal environment (achieved through metabolism)
A
HOMEOSTASIS
23
Q
Examples of Homeostasis include:
A
BODY TEMPERATURE, BLOOD PRESSURE, SWEATING, and HEAVY BREATHING
24
________________ is the ability to respond to a stimulus
RESPONSIVENESS
25
____________ is the physical/chemical changes to the internal/external environment
STIMULUS
26
_______________ is not always locomotion. Can be obvious or subtle.
MOVEMENT
27
The three types of locomotion are:
CILIA MOVEMENT
FLAGELLA MOVEMENT
AMEOBA MOVEMENT
28
______________: numerous, short, hair-like movement
CILIA MOVEMENT
29
_____________: few, long, whip-like movement
FLAGELLA MOVEMENT
30
___________: have an "oozing" movement
AMEOBA MOVEMENT
31
________________ disproved Spontaneous Generation
LOUIS PASTEUR
32
______________ meant that an organism could come from inanimate objects
SPONTANEOUS GENERATION
33
An organism can come only from _________________
PREVIOUSLY EXISTING ORGANISMS
34
What are the two types of Reproduction?
ASEXUAL and SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
35
___________ is an approach to understanding the natural world.
SCIENCE
36
__________ can be used by scientists to explain or demonstrate those things in science that may be too large or too small to manipulate in real life
MODELING
37
To notice or see something ( personally or based on previous research) that can be measured.
OBSERVATION
38
The statement "some tomatoes in my garden are larger than others." is an example of a(n) _______________
OBSERVATION
39
A _____________ is well-defined which arises from the observations made previously
QUESTION
40
"Does the amount of water each plan receives affect the growth of the tomato?"
The text previously stated is an example of a _______________
QUESTION
41
_____________ is an educated guess or tentative explanation to a question.
HYPOTHESIS
42
A _______________ refers to a general statement that there is no relationship between the two measured phenomena
NULL HYPOTHESIS
43
The rejection of the null hypothesis then leads to a(n) __________________
ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS
44
A ________________ seeks to find a relationship between the two phenomena
ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS
45
The statement: "Varying amounts of water have no effect on tomato growth." is an example of a(n) _______________
NULL HYPOTHESIS
46
The statement: "The more water a tomato plant receives, the larger the tomato fruit will grow." is an example of a(n) ______________
ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS
47
This is typically an "if-then" statement which leads to your experiment.
PREDICTION
48
The statement: "If I water half of my garden three times a week and the other half only one time a week, the more watered side will produce larger tomatoes." is an example of a(n) __________________
PREDICTION
49
The _________________ is the factor that varies in the experiment.
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
50
The ________________ is the factor that will be affected by the _______________.
DEPENDENT VARIABLE
| INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
51
_______________ is the group in which the independent variable is manipulated.
EXPERIMENTAL GROUP
52
The ______________ is the group in which the independent variable is removed or set at a specific standard.
CONTROL GROUP
53
The _____________ serves as a comparison for the experimental group.
CONTROL GROUP
54
A ______________ is a well supported hypothesis
THEORY
55
A _______________ is comprised of a body of ideas and concepts which have been thoroughly tested by various individuals to the point of being accepted as "fact"
THEORY
56
A ______________ is a theory that is nearly universally accepted
PRINCIPLE
57
A _____________ is a principle of the greatest importance
LAW
58
________________ takes general information and applies it to specific instances
DEDUCTIVE REASONING
59
_______________ begins with specific information and looks to apply it to larger, more general instances.
INDUCTIVE REASONING
60
The ______________ is a common measure of central tendency.
MEAN OR AVERAGE
61
_____________ can be determined in most cases by adding together the values and dividing by the number of values.
MEAN OR AVERAGE
62
The _______________ is a measure of how much variability there is around the mean.
STANDARD DEVIATION
63
A ________________ indicates that the data points tend to be very close to the mean
LOW STANDARD DEVIATION
64
A ________________ is sometimes called the "expected value"
LOW STANDARD DEVIATION
65
A ____________ indicates that the data points are spread out over a large range of values.
HIGH STANDARD DEVIATION
66
Values that fall more than two standard deviations away from normal are considered _______________
"SIGNIFICANT"
67
Different organisms have specialized structures to accomplish the task of removing oxygen from their ________________ and transporting it to the cell
ENVIRONMENT
68
The act of the oxygen being used in the oxidation of foods and in other metabolic activities is known as _______________
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
69
The utilization of oxygen is called _______________
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
70
Many of the marine animals breathe by means of ___________
GILLS
71
In the vertebrates the gills are made up of ________________
GILL FILAMENTS
72
Gill filaments are found beneath the ____________________
OPERCULUM
73
______________ is the ability of an organism to change to meet it's changing envirionment
ADAPTATION
74
___________ helps ensure an organism's survival
ADAPTATION
75
_______________ is not the same as evolution because of the shorter time period
ADAPTATION
76
What are the three methods of adaptation?
STRUCTURAL
PHYSIOLOGICAL
BEHAVIORAL
77
"Zebra stripes serve as camouflage" the preceding statement refers to a type of __________________
STRUCTURAL ADAPTATION
78
"Zebra stomach has adapted to feeding on coarse grass left by other grazers" The preceding statement is an example of a(n) _____________________
PHYSIOLOGICAL ADAPTATION
79
"Zebras sometimes stand back-to-back to watch for predators" The preceding statement is an example of what kind of adaptation?
BEHAVIORAL ADAPTATION
80
______________ is the exchange of gases; releasing energy from foods
RESPIRATION
81
______________ is the exchange of gases
RESPIRATION
82
_____________ is the release of energy to create ATP
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
83
______________ respiration is the process of atmosphere to body fluids
EXTERNAL RESPIRATION
84
_________________ changes fluids to cells
INTERNAL BODY RESPIRATION
85
_______________ is the process of ridding the body of metabolic wastes
EXCRETION
86
What are three examples of excretion ?
SOLID WASTE
URINE
SWEAT
87
_____________ is the production/delivery of specialized substances
SECRETION
88
What are two examples of secretion ?
HORMONES
| TEARS
89
________________ is the process in which absorbed units are changed into forms that re chemically different from those that entered the body fluids.
ASSIMILATION
90
What are the 10 levels of "Biological Organization" ?
```
CHEMICAL LEVEL
CELLULAR LEVEL
TISSUE LEVEL
ORGAN LEVEL
ORGAN SYSTEMS
ORGANISM LEVEL
POPULATION
COMMUNITY
ECOSYSTEM
BIOSPHERE
```
91
What make up the chemical level in the "Levels of Biological Organization"?
ATOMS
MOLECULES
MACROMOLECULES
ORGANELLES
92
There is ___________ in the chemical level.
NO LIFE
93
What is the big difference between the cellular level and the chemical level?
THE CHEMICAL LEVEL HAS NO LIFE, WHILE THE CELL LEVEL DOES
94
What makes up the tissue level?
EPITHELIAL
CONNECTIVE
MUSCLE
NERVOUS
95
What makes up the organs level?
SKIN
BONE
LIVER
96
How many organ systems do we humans have?
ELEVEN MOTHER FUCKER
97
_________________ is the interacting members of the same species in the same area at the same time.
POPULATION
98
________________ is all the populations in a given area at the same time.
COMMUNITY
99
__________________ is the community (biotic) and the abiotic environment
ECOSYSTEM
100
_______________ is all of the earth's communities of organisms
BIOSPHERE
101
What are three different branches of the biosphere?
ATMOSPHERE
HYDROSPHERE
LITHOSPHERE
102
_______________ studies the diversity of organisms and their evolutionary relationships.
SYSTEMATICS
103
What is the science of naming and classifying organisms?
TAXONOMY
104
Who developed the Binomial System of Nomenclature?
CAROLUS LINNAEUS
105
When did Carolus Linnaeus develop the Binomial System of Nomenclature?
IN THE 18TYH CENTURY
106
What is the Binomial System of Nomenclature used for?
FOR NAMING AND CLASSIFYING ORGANISMS
107
Scientific name: ___________ and ____________
GENUS
| SPECIES
108
__________ name reveals a common ancestry
GENUS
109
_____________ name is often a descriptive word
SPECIES
110
How is the genus and species name supposed to be hand-written?
Genus is capitalized and species is lower cased, and also both words are separately underlined
111
How is the genus and species supposed to typed?
It is supposed to be typed in italics with the genus name being capitalized and the species name being lower cased
112
How many domains are there in the taxonomic classification?
3 DOMAINS
113
How many of the domains of the taxonomic classification are bacteria?
2 OF THE DOMAINS ARE BACTERIA
114
How many kingdoms are there in the taxonomic classification?
THERE ARE SIX KINGDOMS
115
What is the Taxonomic Hierarchy? (Classification Ladder)
```
DOMAIN
KINGDOM
PHYLUM
CLASS
ORDER
FAMILY
GENUS
SPECIES
```
116
This contains the Kingdom Eubacteria, and consists of the common "true" bacteria.
EUBACTERIA DOMAIN
117
Blue-green algae is an example of what domain?
THE EUBACTERIA DOMAIN
118
This contains the Kingdom Archaebacteria and consists of a few very extreme bacteria-like organisms.
THE ARCHAEA BACTERIA DOMAIN
119
This contains the Kingdoms Animalia, Plantae, Protista, and Fungi.
THE EUKARYA DOMAIN
120
What is the name of the following kingdom based on these given traits:
* Eukaryotic
* Multicellular
* Motile (locomotion)
* Heterotrophic
* Tissue specialization
* Highly organized body system
Kingdom Animalia
121
What is the name of this kingdom based on these given traits:
* Eukaryotic
* Multicellular
* Photosynthesis
* Non-motile
* Autotrophic
* Nonvascular plants such as mosses
* Vascular plants such as ferns, conifers, and flowering plants
* Tissue specialization
KINGDOM PLANTAE
122
What is the name of the kingdom based on these given traits:
* Eukaryotic
* Most diverse kingdom
* Unicellular or Multicellular
* Motile or Non-Motile
* Heterotrophic or Autotrophic (photosynthesis)
* Protozoans, algae, water molds, slime molds, Kelp (seaweed)
KINGDOM PROTISTA
123
What is the name of the kingdom based on these given traits:
* Eukaryotic
* Unicellular or Multicellular
* Motile or Non-Motile
* Heterotrophic
* Take in food through absorption
* Mushrooms, molds, yeasts, mildews
KINGDOM FUNGI
124
What is the name of the kingdom based on these given traits:
* They are all prokaryotic and unicellular
* Microscopic
* Most are decomposers, some are parasitic
* They may be autotrophic or heterotrophic
KINGDOM EUBACTERIA
125
What is the name of the kingdom based on these give traits:
* They are all prokaryotic and unicellular
* Microscopic
* Differ biochemically from Eubacteria
* May inhabit extreme, inhospitable environments such as sewage, swamps, animal digestive tracts, or hot springs
* They are ALL HETEROTROPHIC
KINGDOM ARCHAEBACTERIA
126
What is the classification of the human?
```
DOMAIN- EUKARYA
KINGDOM- ANIMALIA
PHYLUM- CHORDATA
CLASS- MAMMALIA
ORDER- PRIMATES
FAMILY- HOMINIDAE
GENUS- HOMO
SPECIES- SAPIEN
```
127
Why is chemistry important to biology?
Because, an organism's functions depend on cellular functions and cellular functions result from chemical changes.
128
What is matter?
ANYTHING THAT HAS MASS AND TAKES UP SPACE
129
What is an element made of?
AN ELEMENT IS COMPOSED OF CHEMICALLY IDENTICAL ATOMS
130
A(n) _____________ cannot be chemically broken down
ELEMENT
131
There are ___________ naturally occurring elements, and all others are man-made.
92
132
____________ are the smallest unit of an element that retains the chemical characteristics of an element.
ATOMS
133
What are the four most abundant elements?
CARBON
HYDROGEN
OXYGEN
NITROGEN
134
What are the "small portion" elements?
CALCIUM
PHOSPHOROUS
POTASSIUM
SODIUM
135
What are the "Trace Elements" ?
IODINE
COPPER
MANGANESE
136
Each element has a ______________
CHEMICAL SYMBOL
137
How are chemical symbols assigned ?
BY THE BEGINNING LETTER OR TWO OF THE ENGLISH/LATIN NAME
138
What are the three subatomic particles?
ELECTRONS
PROTONS
NEUTRONS
139
Where are electron's located?
IN THE CLOUD/ORBITAL
140
Where are proton's located?
IN THE NUCLEUS
141
Where are neutrons located?
IN THE NUCLEUS
142
What is the charge of an electron?
NEGATIVE
143
What is the charge of a proton?
POSITIVE
144
What is the charge of a neutron?
NEUTRAL
145
What is the mass of an electron?
0 AMU
146
What is the mass of a proton?
1 AMU
147
What is the mass of a neutron?
1 AMU
148
The ___________ is a chart of the elements arranged by atomic number
PERIODIC TABLE
149
The atomic number is the number of ___________ in the atomic nucleus of an element
PROTONS
150
An atom has an overall neutral charge so the number of protons = the number of ___________??
ELECTRONS
151
Which subatomic particles have a mass?
PROTONS
| NEUTRONS
152
You can determine the number of neutrons if you know both the ___________ and the ____________
ATOMIC NUMBER
| ATOMIC MASS NUMBER
153
An atom with the same atomic number but as a different atomic mass is an example of a ___________
ISOTOPE
154
An atom with the same number of protons but has a different number of neutrons is an example of a(n) ____________
ISOTOPE
155
Electrons with the same energy occupy the _____________
SAME ENERGY LEVEL
156
_____________ are found in the outermost energy level
VALENCE ELECTRONS
157
What determines the bonding capabilities of an atom?
VALENCE ELECTRONS
158
In an electron arrangement, the first shell holds ___________ electrons.
TWO
159
In an electron arrangement, the second shell holds _______ electrons
EIGHT
160
In an electron arrangement, the third shell holds ________ electrons
EIGHT
161
A _____________ is a particle formed when two or more atoms chemically combine.
MOLECULE
162
A __________ may be the same or different
MOLECULE
163
A _____________ is a particle formed when two or more atoms of different elements chemically combine.
COMPOUND
164
A molecular formula depicts the _____________ present and the ____________ of atoms present in the molecule.
ELEMENTS
| NUMBER
165
The _____________ shows how atoms bond and are arranged in various molecules.
STRUCTURAL FORMULA
166
_____________ is the sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in a single molecule
MOLECULAR MASS
167
One ____________ is the amount of an element or compound whose mass in grams is equivalent to its atomic or molecular mass
MOLE
168
What allows for comparison of atoms and molecules of very different masses?
THE MOLE
169
Chemical reactions are described by what?
CHEMICAL EQUATIONS
170
What are the substances that participate in a reaction?
REACTANTS/SUBSTRATES
171
The ___________ is written on the left side of a chemical equation.
REACTANT/SUBSTRATE
172
_____________ are substances formed by the reaction.
PRODUCTS
173
The ___________ is written on the right side of the chemical reaction.
PRODUCT
174
____________ can proceed simultaneously in both directions.
REACTIONS
175
At _____________, forward and reverse rates of reaction are equal.
DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM
176
What are the five general types of chemical reactions?
```
COMPOSITION REACTIONS
DECOMPOSITION REACTIONS
SINGLE REPLACEMENT REACTIONS
DOUBLE REPLACEMENT REACTIONS
REVERSIBLE REACTIONS
```
177
What is another name for a composition reaction?
SYNTHESIS OR ANABOLIC REACTION
178
What is another name for a decomposition reaction?
CATABOLIC REACTION
179
A + B > AB :: Is an example of what kind of reaction?
COMPOSITION
180
AB --> A + B:: Is an example of what kind of chemical reaction?
DECOMPOSITION REACTION
181
AB + C --> AC + B:: Is an example of what kind of reaction?
SINGLE REPLACEMENT REACTION
182
AB + CD --> AD + CB:: Is an example of what kind of reaction?
DOUBLE REPLACEMENT
183
A + B AB:: Is an example of what kind of reaction?
REVERSIBLE REACTION
184
What are three different types of chemical bonds?
COVALENT BONDS
IONIC BONDS
HYDROGEN BONDS
185
What is the strongest kind of chemical bond?
COVALENT BOND
186
What is the weakest kind of bond?
HYDROGEN BOND
187
____________ make up things living organisms need.
IONIC BONDS
188
_____________ bonds make up living things
COVALENT
189
All bonding is based upon the _______________ present in an atom and the atom's attempt to fill the outermost shell.
VALENCE ELECTRONS
190
A ____________ is formed when atoms share electrons.
COVALENT BOND
191
Hydrogen atoms form __________ bonds.
SINGLE
192
Oxygen atoms form ___________ bonds
DOUBLE
193
Nitrogen atoms form _________ bonds.
TRIPLE
194
Carbon atoms form ___________ bonds.
FOUR
195
What are the two types of covalent bonds?
POLAR COVALENT
| NONPOLAR COVALENT
196
Electrons are shared equally in a(n) ______________ bond.
NONPOLAR COVALENT
197
Electrons aren't shared equally in a(n) _____________ bond
POLAR COVALENT
198
In a ____________ the charge of the molecule becomes slightly negative.
POLAR COVALENT BOND
199
_____________ are formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another atom.
IONIC BONDS
200
A(n) ___________ is an atom with a charge: be it positive or negative.
ION
201
A(n) ______________ is a positively charged ion
CATION
202
A(n) __________ is a negatively charged ion
ANION
203
A cation results in a ____________ of electron(s)
LOSS
204
An anion results in the ___________ of electron(s)
GAINING
205
_______________ involves reduction reactions
OXIDATION
206
______________ involves the transfer of the energy associated with the transferring of electrons
A REDOX REACTION
207
______________ and _____________ reactions always occur together
OXIDATION
| REDUCTION
208
_____________ is the process of losing electrons.
OXIDATION
209
______________ is the process of gaining electrons.
REDUCTION
210
A _____________ is a weak bond formed between hydrogen atoms that are covalently bonded to another atom
HYDROGEN BOND
211
_____________ bonds are easily broken and put back together.
HYDROGEN
212
_____________ give water unique properties
HYDROGEN BONDS
213
H2O is a(n) _____________
POLAR MOLECULE
214
Water is the ______________ inorganic compound in living material
MOST ABUNDANT
215
Water makes up _________ of human weight.
2/3
216
Water is an excellent ______________: medium for most metabolic reactions and participates in many chemical reactions
SOLVENT
217
Water is a _________________, meaning it is an excellent cooling mechanism.
TEMPERATURE BUFFER
218
Water is a ____________ molecule.
POLAR
219
Water displays ___________ to other water molecules and ___________ to other ionic or polar substances.
COHESION
| ADHESION
220
What are the two different kinds of energy conversions?
ENDERGONIC REACTIONS & EXERGONIC REACTIONS
221
___________ absorb or require the intake of energy
ENDERGONIC REACTIONS
222
In endergonic reactions, products contain ___________ energy than the reactants
MORE
223
Endergonic reactions are mostly ___________
ANABOLIC
224
BUILDING: LIST:
ENDERGONIC
ANABOLIC
SYNTHESIS
COMPOSITION
225
BREAK-DOWN: LIST:
DECOMPOSITION
CATABOLIC
EXERGONIC
DEGRADE
226
______________ release energy
EXERGONIC REACTIONS
227
In _______________, products contain less energy than the reactants
EXERGONIC REACTIONS
228
Exergonic reactions are mostly ___________
CATABOLIC
229
The study of inland waters.
LIMNOLOGY
230
The scientific study of the way plants and animals are treated or used by different human cultures
ETHNO BIOLOGY
231
The commercial exploitation of plants by people
ECONOMIC BOTANY
232
The study of fossil plants
PALEOBOTANY
233
Deals with geographic distribution of plant species and their influence on the earth's surface
PLANT GEOGRAPHY
234
The art or practice of garden cultivation and management
HORTICULTURE
235
The branch of zoology concerned with mammals
MAMMOLOGY
236
The scientific study of birds
ORNITHOLOGY
237
The branch of zoology concerned with reptiles and amphibians
HERPETOLOGY
238
The branch of zoology concerned with the study of insects
ENTOMOLOGY
239
The branch of zoology that deals with fishes
ICHTHYOLOGY
240
The branch of science that deals with micro-organisms
MICROBIOLOGY
241
The study of viruses
VIROLOGY
242
The study of bacteria
BACTERIOLOGY
243
The scientific study of fungi
MYCOLOGY
244
The study of protists
PROTOZOOLOGY
245
The study of trees
DENDROLOGY
246
The study of humans
ANTHROPOLOGY
247
The study of plants
BOTANY
248
The study of the behavior, structuure, physiology, classification, and distribution of animals
ZOOLOGY
249
The study of the structure or internal workings of something
ANATOMY
250
The branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts
PHYSIOLOGY
251
The study of the mechanics of body movements
KINESIOLOGY
252
The branch of physiology and medicine concerned with endocrine glands and hormones
ENDOCRINOLOGY
253
The branch of biology concerned with the study of embryos and their development
EMBRYOLOGY
254
The study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics
GENETICS
255
The process of providing or obtaining the food necessary for health and growth
NUTRITION
256
The study of diseases
PATHOLOGY
257
The branch of biology that deals with the relations of organisms to one another and to their physical surroundings
ECOLOGY
258
The branch of concerned with classification, especially of organisms; systematics
TAXONOMY
259
The branch of science concerned with the chemical and physiochemical processes that occur within living organisms
BIOCHEMISTRY
260
The science of the application of the laws of physics to biological phenomena
BIOPHYSICS
261
The study of parasitic organisms
PARASITOLOGY
262
The study of plant and animal cells
CYTOLOGY
263
The study of the microscopic structure of tissues
HISTOLOGY
264
The branch of biology that deals with the structure and function of the macromolecules essential to life
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
265
What are the four factors that affect the rate of chemical reactions?
PARTICLE SIZE
TEMPERATURE
CONCENTRATION
CATALYSTS
266
When concerning chemical reactions, as particle size decreases reaction speed _____________
INCREASES
267
When concerning chemical reactions, as particle size increases reaction speed _______________
SLOWS DOWN
268
When concerning chemical reactions, as temperature increases reaction speed ________________
INCREASES
269
When concerning chemical reactions, as temperature decreases reaction speed _____________
SLOWS DOWN
270
When concerning chemical reactions, the higher the concentration, the _______________ the reaction time
FASTER
271
When concerning, chemical reactions, the lower the concentration, the ____________ the reaction time.
SLOWER
272
________________ speed up the rate of a reaction
CATALYSTS
273
A(n) _____________ is a substance that dissociates in solution to yield a hydrogen ion and an is an ANION
ACID
274
A(n) _____________ is a substance that dissociates to yield a HYDROXIDE ion an is a CATION when dissolved in water
BASE
275
A(n) _____________ is the positive ion (CATION) of a base, ionically bonded to the negative ion (ANION) of an acid
SALT
276
The degree of a solution's acidity is expressed in ___________
pH
277
___________ have a low pH
ACIDS
278
___________ have a higher pH
BASES
279
A _____________ has a pH of ( 7 )
NEUTRAL SOLUTION
280
What is a buffer?
SOMETHING THAT NEUTRALIZES SOLUTIONS
