Biology Unit 1 Flashcards
What is the ultimate source of energy for all things?
THE SUN
What are the basic themes in Biology?
EVOLUTION OF LIFE ADAPTATION NATURAL SELECTION GENETIC VARIATION ARTIFICIAL BREEDING
What is a producer?
A “producer” produces their own food from raw materials and energy from the sun
What is an autotroph?
An autotroph is another name for a producer
What is photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants make food for themselves
What are consumers/heterotrophs?
Consumers/heterotrophs depend on producers for food, energy, and oxygen
Survival of organisms depends upon the __________ ________ ____ __________ from generation to generation.
Orderly transmission of information
An information transfer involves:
GENES AND PROTEINS
What are genes?
THE HEREDITARY MATERIAL
What are proteins?
Basic molecules in cells which are responsible for cell structure and function. (FORM BUILDING BLOCKS, HORMONES, ENZYMES)
All living things are composed of ___________
CELLS
___________ are the structural/functional unit of all living things
CELLS
_______________ have no true nucleus or other organelles
PROKARYOTIC CELLS
_____________ have a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles.
EUKARYOTIC
Examples of Prokaryotic cells include:
EUBACTERIA AND ARCHAEABACTERIA
The method of growth and development includes an increase in both the __________ and _________ of cells.
SIZE AND NUMBER
______________ is all the changes that occur in a lifetime
DEVELOPMENT
________________ is the sum total of all CHEMICAL REACTIONS that take place in the body/organism
METABOLISM
___________ means “breaking down”
CATABOLISM
Two examples of catabolism includes:
DIGESTION and CELLULAR RESPIRATION
_______________ means “building up”
ANABOLISM
Three examples of anabolism include:
PHOTOSYNTHESIS, PROTEIN SYNTHESIS, and DNA REPLICATION
_____________ is the body’s ability to maintain a constant or stable internal environment (achieved through metabolism)
HOMEOSTASIS
Examples of Homeostasis include:
BODY TEMPERATURE, BLOOD PRESSURE, SWEATING, and HEAVY BREATHING
________________ is the ability to respond to a stimulus
RESPONSIVENESS
____________ is the physical/chemical changes to the internal/external environment
STIMULUS
_______________ is not always locomotion. Can be obvious or subtle.
MOVEMENT
The three types of locomotion are:
CILIA MOVEMENT
FLAGELLA MOVEMENT
AMEOBA MOVEMENT
______________: numerous, short, hair-like movement
CILIA MOVEMENT
_____________: few, long, whip-like movement
FLAGELLA MOVEMENT
___________: have an “oozing” movement
AMEOBA MOVEMENT
________________ disproved Spontaneous Generation
LOUIS PASTEUR
______________ meant that an organism could come from inanimate objects
SPONTANEOUS GENERATION
An organism can come only from _________________
PREVIOUSLY EXISTING ORGANISMS
What are the two types of Reproduction?
ASEXUAL and SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
___________ is an approach to understanding the natural world.
SCIENCE
__________ can be used by scientists to explain or demonstrate those things in science that may be too large or too small to manipulate in real life
MODELING
To notice or see something ( personally or based on previous research) that can be measured.
OBSERVATION
The statement “some tomatoes in my garden are larger than others.” is an example of a(n) _______________
OBSERVATION
A _____________ is well-defined which arises from the observations made previously
QUESTION
“Does the amount of water each plan receives affect the growth of the tomato?”
The text previously stated is an example of a _______________
QUESTION
_____________ is an educated guess or tentative explanation to a question.
HYPOTHESIS
A _______________ refers to a general statement that there is no relationship between the two measured phenomena
NULL HYPOTHESIS
The rejection of the null hypothesis then leads to a(n) __________________
ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS
A ________________ seeks to find a relationship between the two phenomena
ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS
The statement: “Varying amounts of water have no effect on tomato growth.” is an example of a(n) _______________
NULL HYPOTHESIS
The statement: “The more water a tomato plant receives, the larger the tomato fruit will grow.” is an example of a(n) ______________
ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS
This is typically an “if-then” statement which leads to your experiment.
PREDICTION
The statement: “If I water half of my garden three times a week and the other half only one time a week, the more watered side will produce larger tomatoes.” is an example of a(n) __________________
PREDICTION
The _________________ is the factor that varies in the experiment.
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
The ________________ is the factor that will be affected by the _______________.
DEPENDENT VARIABLE
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
_______________ is the group in which the independent variable is manipulated.
EXPERIMENTAL GROUP
The ______________ is the group in which the independent variable is removed or set at a specific standard.
CONTROL GROUP
The _____________ serves as a comparison for the experimental group.
CONTROL GROUP
A ______________ is a well supported hypothesis
THEORY
A _______________ is comprised of a body of ideas and concepts which have been thoroughly tested by various individuals to the point of being accepted as “fact”
THEORY
A ______________ is a theory that is nearly universally accepted
PRINCIPLE
A _____________ is a principle of the greatest importance
LAW
________________ takes general information and applies it to specific instances
DEDUCTIVE REASONING
_______________ begins with specific information and looks to apply it to larger, more general instances.
INDUCTIVE REASONING
The ______________ is a common measure of central tendency.
MEAN OR AVERAGE
_____________ can be determined in most cases by adding together the values and dividing by the number of values.
MEAN OR AVERAGE
The _______________ is a measure of how much variability there is around the mean.
STANDARD DEVIATION
A ________________ indicates that the data points tend to be very close to the mean
LOW STANDARD DEVIATION
A ________________ is sometimes called the “expected value”
LOW STANDARD DEVIATION
A ____________ indicates that the data points are spread out over a large range of values.
HIGH STANDARD DEVIATION
Values that fall more than two standard deviations away from normal are considered _______________
“SIGNIFICANT”
Different organisms have specialized structures to accomplish the task of removing oxygen from their ________________ and transporting it to the cell
ENVIRONMENT
The act of the oxygen being used in the oxidation of foods and in other metabolic activities is known as _______________
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
The utilization of oxygen is called _______________
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Many of the marine animals breathe by means of ___________
GILLS
In the vertebrates the gills are made up of ________________
GILL FILAMENTS
Gill filaments are found beneath the ____________________
OPERCULUM
______________ is the ability of an organism to change to meet it’s changing envirionment
ADAPTATION
___________ helps ensure an organism’s survival
ADAPTATION
_______________ is not the same as evolution because of the shorter time period
ADAPTATION
What are the three methods of adaptation?
STRUCTURAL
PHYSIOLOGICAL
BEHAVIORAL
“Zebra stripes serve as camouflage” the preceding statement refers to a type of __________________
STRUCTURAL ADAPTATION
“Zebra stomach has adapted to feeding on coarse grass left by other grazers” The preceding statement is an example of a(n) _____________________
PHYSIOLOGICAL ADAPTATION
“Zebras sometimes stand back-to-back to watch for predators” The preceding statement is an example of what kind of adaptation?
BEHAVIORAL ADAPTATION
______________ is the exchange of gases; releasing energy from foods
RESPIRATION
______________ is the exchange of gases
RESPIRATION
_____________ is the release of energy to create ATP
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
______________ respiration is the process of atmosphere to body fluids
EXTERNAL RESPIRATION
_________________ changes fluids to cells
INTERNAL BODY RESPIRATION
_______________ is the process of ridding the body of metabolic wastes
EXCRETION
What are three examples of excretion ?
SOLID WASTE
URINE
SWEAT
_____________ is the production/delivery of specialized substances
SECRETION
What are two examples of secretion ?
HORMONES
TEARS
________________ is the process in which absorbed units are changed into forms that re chemically different from those that entered the body fluids.
ASSIMILATION
What are the 10 levels of “Biological Organization” ?
CHEMICAL LEVEL CELLULAR LEVEL TISSUE LEVEL ORGAN LEVEL ORGAN SYSTEMS ORGANISM LEVEL POPULATION COMMUNITY ECOSYSTEM BIOSPHERE
What make up the chemical level in the “Levels of Biological Organization”?
ATOMS
MOLECULES
MACROMOLECULES
ORGANELLES
There is ___________ in the chemical level.
NO LIFE
What is the big difference between the cellular level and the chemical level?
THE CHEMICAL LEVEL HAS NO LIFE, WHILE THE CELL LEVEL DOES
What makes up the tissue level?
EPITHELIAL
CONNECTIVE
MUSCLE
NERVOUS
What makes up the organs level?
SKIN
BONE
LIVER
How many organ systems do we humans have?
ELEVEN MOTHER FUCKER
_________________ is the interacting members of the same species in the same area at the same time.
POPULATION
________________ is all the populations in a given area at the same time.
COMMUNITY
__________________ is the community (biotic) and the abiotic environment
ECOSYSTEM
_______________ is all of the earth’s communities of organisms
BIOSPHERE
What are three different branches of the biosphere?
ATMOSPHERE
HYDROSPHERE
LITHOSPHERE
_______________ studies the diversity of organisms and their evolutionary relationships.
SYSTEMATICS
What is the science of naming and classifying organisms?
TAXONOMY
Who developed the Binomial System of Nomenclature?
CAROLUS LINNAEUS
When did Carolus Linnaeus develop the Binomial System of Nomenclature?
IN THE 18TYH CENTURY
What is the Binomial System of Nomenclature used for?
FOR NAMING AND CLASSIFYING ORGANISMS
Scientific name: ___________ and ____________
GENUS
SPECIES
__________ name reveals a common ancestry
GENUS
_____________ name is often a descriptive word
SPECIES
How is the genus and species name supposed to be hand-written?
Genus is capitalized and species is lower cased, and also both words are separately underlined
How is the genus and species supposed to typed?
It is supposed to be typed in italics with the genus name being capitalized and the species name being lower cased
