Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Personal Decks > Biology 1 Lab Major Test > Flashcards

Biology 1 Lab Major Test Flashcards

0
Q

The term ____________ refers to the fact that the image that is formed is the result of light passing through two sets of lenses

A

COMPOUND

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

The term ____________ refers to the two oculars or eye pieces

A

BINOCULAR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The term _________ as it refers to the microscope means that light is used to form the image instead of a beam of electrons as in an electron microscope, or sound waves as in ultrasonography.

A

LIGHT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The ability of a microscope to stay in focus as the magnification is either increased or decreased

A

PARFOCAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The ability of a lens to distinguish between two points tat are very close together.

A

RESOLVING POWER/ RESOLUTION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The ability of a microscope to increase the apparent size of an object

A

MAGNIFICATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The ___________________ is determined by multiply9ing the magnification of the ocular X the ocular X the magnification of the objective in use

A

TOTAL MAGNIFICATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The _________________ is the actual amount of area on a slide that can be viewed under the microscope at one time without having to move the slide

A

FIELD OF VIEW

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The distance from the specimen on the slide to the objective lens of the microscope, when the specimen is in focus

A

WORKING DISTANCE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

_____________________ have two oculars and produce an image with depth.

A

DISSECTING MICROSCOPES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

These microscopes usually magnify less but provide a wider field of view.

A

DISSECTING MICROSCOPES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

These microscopes are often used to look through when dissecting small specimens

A

DISSECTING MICROSCOPES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

These microscopes allow a person to view small specimens or live specimens that would otherwise have to be stained to be able to see.

A

PHASE CONTRAST MICROSCOPES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the three types of electron microscopes?

A

TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPE
SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE
SCANNING TUNNELING ELCTRN MICRSCPE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

This kind of electron microscope magnifies thousands of times and allows scientists to see into the inner structure of cells.

A

TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The _________________ electron microscopes generally do not magnify as greatly as TEMs and produce images of the surface of objects

A

SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The __________________________ is the most powerful type of electron microscope

A

SCANNING TUNNELING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the bottom part on which the microscope rests?

A

BASE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the angular part of the frame?

A

ARM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the platform on which the slide is placed?

A

STAGE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What connects the oculars and nosepiece?

A

BODY TUBE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Two clips hold the specimen and two knobs on the lower left of the stage move the specimen transverse and longitudinal

A

MECHANICAL STAGE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The ___________ provides built-in illumination (no mirror is needed)

A

LIGHT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The ______________ is located below the stage and regulates the amount of light passing through the stage

A

DIAPHRAGM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the two main types of diaphragms in general use?

A

IRIS DIAPHRAGM

DISK DIAPHRAGM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The ______________ is a movable lens located in the hole of the stage (does not affect magnification)

A

CONDENSER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The _____________ is the larger knob that raises and lowers the body tube for focusing

A

COARSE ADJUSTMENT KNOB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The ______________ is the external knob that is used for final focusing

A

FINE ADJUSTMENT KNOB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

The movable part of the nosepiece that turns the objective lenses

A

REVOLVING NOSEPIECE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the four objectives?

A

4X
10X
40X
100X

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

The lenses at the top of the body tube, which have a magnification of 10x

A

OCULARS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

THE ______________ is a slide adjustment that allows you to adjust the oculars to the corner spacing of your eyes

A

INTERPUPILLARY ADJUSTMENT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

The _______________ adjustment allows you to adjust each eye to the objective.

A

DIOPTER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

A non-living, porous semi-rigid “casing” for the living protoplasm

A

CELL WALL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

The _____________ is the viscous, granular mass of protoplasm, gray or blue in appearance depending on the stain

A

CYTOPLASM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

The ____________ is a selectively permeable covering around the protoplasm that regulates transported materials

A

CELL (PLASMA) MEMBRANE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

The _____________ is a clear area in the cell that is not occupied by cytoplasm and is not present in young cells (often found in the center of the cell)

A

VACUOLE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

The ________________ is any structure of the cell with specific function(s)

A

ORGANELLE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

The __________ is the watery solution filling the vacuoles

A

CELL SAP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

The ____________ is the organelle containing the chromosomes of eukaryotic cells, usually visible as a round body darker in color than the cytoplasm

A

NUCLEUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

The ____________ is a green oval pigmented organelle varying in number

A

CHLOROPLAST

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

The ____________ is one or more dark stained areas within the nucleus containing protein and RNA

A

NUCLEOLUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

The ________________ is a flowing motion of granules causing the chloroplasts and other organelles to be pushed around

A

CYTOPLASMIC STREAMING (CYCLOSIS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

_______________ is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

A

DIFFUSION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

________________ is the diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane

A

OSMOSIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

During the process of osmosis, there will be an increase or decrease in _____________ on one side of the membrane.

A

PRESSURE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

The pressure created by osmosis is called _________________

A

OSMOTIC PRESSURE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

If osmotic pressure increases in an animal cell, the cell will swell and possibly burst.
This is called what?

A

CYTOLYSIS (HEMOLYSIS IF IT OCCURS IN BLOOD CELLS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

The pressure inside a plant cell created by osmosis is called _____________ or _____________.

A

TUGOR OR TUGOR PRESSURE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

If the osmotic pressure inside an animal cell decreases, the cell will shrivel.
This is called what?

A

CRENATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

In plant cells the cell membrane will be pulled away from the cell wall and will shrivel.
This is called what?

A

PLASMOLYSIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

______________ occurs because of a concentration difference between the solution on one side of the membrane and the solution on the other side of the membrane

A

OSMOSIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

The solution with the lower solute concentration and thus the higher solvent (water) concentration is called the _________________

A

HYPOTONIC SOLUTION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

THE SOLUTION WITH THE HIGHE SOLUTE CONCENTRATION AND THUS THE LOWER SOLVENT (WATER) CONCENTRATION IS CALLED THE ________________

A

hypertonic solution

54
Q

If the solute and solvent concentrations are equal between the two solutions being compared, they are termed ____________ to each other

A

ISOTONIC

55
Q

Osmosis will move in the direction from the _____________ solution toward the ___________ solution

A

HYPOTONIC

HYPERTONIC

56
Q

What are two approaches in scientific inquiry?

A

MODELING AND SCIENTIFIC METHOD

57
Q

What is the purpose of a control group?

A

TO SERVE AS A COMPARISON FOR THE EXPERIMENTAL GROUP

58
Q

Plant and animal cells are alike since both possess a(n) __________________

A

PLASMA MEMBRANE

59
Q 
A student observes several cells under the microscope.  He identifies them as plant cells because they possess:
A. NUCLEOLI 
B. VACUOLES 
C. CHLOROPLASTS 
D. CENTRIOLES
A

CHLOROPLASTS

60
Q

A plant cell organelle that stores dissolved material is the _________________

A

VACUOLE

61
Q

Two organelles present only in plant cells are thhe _____________ and ____________

A

CHLOROPLAST AND CELL WALL

62
Q

A chemical substance present in Elodea cells, but not in onion skin cells, is

A

CHLOROPHYLL

63
Q

A structure having a similar function in both plant and animal cells is the _____________

A

PLASMA MEMBRANE

64
Q

____________ is an approach to understanding the natural world.

A

SCIENCE

65
Q

A cell that posesses chlorophyll usually also posesses a

A

CELL WALL

66
Q

___________ is to notice or see something (personally or based on previous research) that can be measured

A

OBSERVATION

67
Q

A _______________ is something that is well-defined which arises from the observations you made previously.

A

QUESTION

68
Q

The statement, “Does the amount of water each plant receives affect the growth of the tomato?”, is an example of a _____________________

A

QUESTION

69
Q

A _______________ is an educated guess or tentative explanation to your question

A

HYPOTHESIS

70
Q

A _____________ refers to a general statement that there is no relationship between two measured phenomena

A

NULL HYPOTHESIS

71
Q

The rejection of the null hypothesis then leads to a(n) ________________

A

ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS

72
Q

The statement, “Varying amounts of water have no effect on tomato growth.”, is an example of a(n) __________

A

NULL HYPOTHESIS

73
Q

The statement, “The more water a tomato plant receives, the larger the tomato fruit will grow.”, is an example of a(n) _____________

A

ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS

74
Q

The _______________ is typically an “if-then” statement which leads to your experiment

A

PREDICTION

75
Q

The statement, “If I water half of my garden three times a week and the other half only one time week, the more watered side will produce larger tomatoes.”, is an example of a(n) __________________

A

PREDICTION

76
Q

The _________________ is the factor that varies in the experiment.

A

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE

77
Q

The ___________________ is the factor that will be affected by the independent variable.

A

DEPENDENT VARIABLE

78
Q

The ________________ is the group in which the independent variable is manipulated

A

EXPERIMENTAL GROUP

79
Q

The ______________ is the group in which the independent variable is removed or set at a specific standard

A

CONTROL GROUP

80
Q

_______________ is the gathering of collected and recorded information in the best possible manner

A

DATA COLLECTION

81
Q

A ___________ is a well supported hypothesis

A

THEORY

82
Q

A ___________ is comprised of a body of ideas and concepts which have been thoroughly tested by various individuals to the point of being accepted as “fact”

A

THEORY

83
Q

_______________ takes general information and applies it to specific instances

A

DEDUCTIVE REASONING

84
Q

___________ begins with specific information and looks to apply it to larger, more general instances

A

INDUCTIVE REASONING

85
Q 
The microscopically visible structures of a stained cheek cell are the: 
A. NUCLEUS
B. PLASMA MEMBRANE
C. CYTOPLASM
D. ALL OF THESE
E. A and C only
A

D. ALL OF THESE

86
Q

The structure of a cheek cell that absorbs the most stain is the ____________

A

NUCLEUS

87
Q

The shape of an Elodea cell can be described as _______________

A

ELONGATED RECTANGLES

88
Q

The green spheroid organelles within Elodea cells are the ___________________

A

CHLOROPLASTS

89
Q

The cytoplasmic streaming current that causes some organelles to move within the Elodea cells is called ______________

A

CYCLOSIS

90
Q

The center of most plant cells, such as Elodea, appear empty because of the presence of a single large _________________

A

CENTRAL VACUOLE WITH TRANSPARENT CELL SAP

91
Q

From the list below, select the cell structures common to both typical plant and typical animal cells.

  • centrioles
  • nucleus
  • cell wall
  • cytoplasm
  • plasma membrane
A

NUCLEUS
CYTOPLASM
PLASMA MEMBRANE

92
Q

When comparing Elodea cells with cheek cells, which of the following statements is true?
A. Elodea cells have a cell wall, a central vacuole, and chloroplasts, but cheek cells do not.

B. Elodea cells have a plasma membrane, a nucleus, and cytoplasm, but cheek cells do not.

C. Elodea cells have vacuoles, cytoplasm, and ribosomes, but cheeks do not.

D. Elodea cells have centrioles, vacuoles, and plasma membranes, but cheek cells do not

A

A. ELODEA CEELS HAVE A CELL WALL, A CENTRAL VACUOLE, AND CHLOROPLASTS, BUT CHEEK CELLS DO NOT

93
Q

The advantage of staining cells is to increase the _____________ of cellular structures that would otherwise be transparent against a transparent background

A

CONTRAST

94
Q

From the list below, name the structures that can be observed in stained onion cells:

  • nucleus
  • nucleolus
  • chloroplasts
  • centrioles
  • cell walls
A

NUCLEUS
NUCLEOLUS
CELL WALLS

95
Q

An organelle that is present in Elodea cells, but is not present in onion ski cells is the ______________

A

CHLOROPLASTS

96
Q

An important cellular process performed by Elodea cells but not by onion skin cells is _____________________

A

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

97
Q

The organelle, common to ALL types of cells, that encloses the cytoplasm and controls cell transport is the _________________

A

PLASMA MEMBRANE

98
Q

The membrane-bound, cytoplasmic storage organelle containing dissolved, usable, or waste materials is a(n) ____________

A

VACUOLE

99
Q

The organelle, found in animal-type cells and not plant-type cells, functions in cell division, i.e. mitosis?

A

CENTRIOLE

100
Q

The chemical compound, but not in onion skin cells is _______________

A

CHLOROPHYLL

101
Q

The structure that surrounds plant-type cells but not animal-type cells is the _________________

A

CELL WALL

102
Q

A typical cell has what three main components?

A

CELL MEMBRANE
NUCLEUS
CYTOPLASM

103
Q

What are the two basic types of cell division in humans?

A

MEIOSIS

MITOSIS

104
Q

_______________ is the cell division that produces reproductive cells

A

MEIOSIS

105
Q

What is the cell that is produced by meiosis?

A

GAMETES

106
Q

______________ is the type of cell division that produces body cells or ____________ cells

A

MITOSIS

SOMATIC

107
Q

What is the haploid number?

A

THE SINGLE PAIR OF CHROMOSOMES

108
Q

What is the diploid number?

A

It means that the cell contains both copies of the genome

109
Q

Mitosis produces what kind of cell?

A

SOMATIC CELLS

110
Q

Meiosis produces what kind of cell?

A

GAMETES

111
Q

How man cell divisions does mitosis have?

A

ONE

112
Q

How many cell divisions does meiosis have?

A

TWO

113
Q

What are the two stages of the cell cycle?

A

MITOSIS

INTERPHASE

114
Q

What stage of the cell cycle does the cell spend 90 percent of its life in?

A

INTERPHASE

115
Q

What are the three subdivided stages of interphase?

A

G-1
S
G-2

116
Q

Each individual strand of a chromosome is called a ___________

A

SISTER CHROMATID

117
Q

What is a sister chromatid?

A

An individual strand of a chromosome

118
Q

The two sister chromatids of a duplicated chromosomes are held together by what?

A

CENTROMERE

119
Q

What are the four phases of mitosis?

A

PROPHASE
METAPHASE
ANAPHASE
TELOPHASE

120
Q

In _______________ the nuclear membrane breaks down and the duplicated chromosomes begin to shorten and thicken.

A

PROPHASE

121
Q

What is the stage in mitosis where the chromosomes are located across the equator of the cell

A

METAPHASE

122
Q

What is the stage of mitosis in which the chromatids (or chromosome strands which arose during interphase) separate from each other and begin to migrate toward the opposite poles (ends) of the cells

A

ANAPHASE

123
Q

_____________ also begins in anaphase

A

CYTOKINESIS

124
Q

What marks the beginning of telophase?

A

The completion of migration of the chromosome strands to the opposite ends of the cells

125
Q

What is the end result of mitosis?

A

The production of two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the original mother cell

126
Q

In order for DNA to be released from cells, the cell walls, plasma membranes, and nuclear membranes must be _______________

A

BE BROKEN DOWN

127
Q

What dissociates the proteins from the DNA, but doesn’t remove them from the solution?

A

THE HOMOGENIZATION MEDIUM

128
Q

DNA is complexed with _______________ that must be removed before DNA can be isolated

A

CHROMOSOMAL PROTEINS

129
Q

______________ is the separation of molecules of different sizes and electric charges due to the flow of electricity

A

ELECTROPHORESIS

131
Q

______________ is a very pure form of agar made from seaweed

A

AGAROSE

132
Q

____________________ contains salts that will help to conduct electricity across the gel and keep the gel from drying out during electrophoresis

A

THE BUFFERING SOLUTION

133
Q

_______________ is the study of how characteristics are passed down from parents to offspring

A

GENETICS

134
Q

There have been over ________________ inherited traits described in humans and _______________ new ones are described each year.

A

3000

75-100

Personal Decks (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions