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Brice Seth Ben Flashcards 8th Grade > Biology Test: Units 8 + 9 (Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration) > Flashcards

Biology Test: Units 8 + 9 (Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration) Flashcards

1
Q

What are autotrophs?

A

Organisms that make their own food; producers (e.g. plants)

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2
Q

What are heterotrophs?

A

Organisms that obtain energy from the food they consume; consumers (e.g. humans)

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3
Q

What is adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?

A

One of the principal chemical compounds that living things use to store and release energy

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4
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

When plants and some other organisms use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates such as sugars and starches

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5
Q

What are pigments?

A

Light absorbing molecules

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6
Q

What is chlorophyll?

A

A plants principle pigment

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7
Q

What are thylakoids?

A

Saclike photosynthetic membranes

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8
Q

What is a photosystem?

A

Clusters of chlorophyll and other pigments

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9
Q

What is the stroma?

A

The region outside the thylakoid membranes

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10
Q

What is NADP+?

A

A carrier that holds two high energy electrons

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11
Q

What are light-dependent reactions?

A

Reactions of photosynthesis that use energy from light to produce ATP and NADPH

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12
Q

What is ATP synthase?

A

A large protein that uses H+ ions to bind ADP and a phosphate group together to produce ATP

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13
Q

What is the Calvin Cycle?

A

Reactions of photosynthesis in which energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high-energy compounds such as sugars

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14
Q

What is a calorie?

A

The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water one degree celsius

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15
Q

What is glycolosis?

A

The first step in releasing energy of glucose where one molecule of glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvic acid

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16
Q

What is cellular respiration?

A

The process that releases energy by breaking down glucose in the presence of oxygen

17
Q

What is NAD+?

A

An electron carrier involved in glycolosis

18
Q

What is fermentation?

A

A process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen

19
Q

What does anaerobic mean?

A

A process that does not require oxygen

20
Q

What does aerobic mean?

A

A process that requires oxygen

21
Q

What is the Krebs Cycle?

A

The process where pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon-dioxide by a series of energy extracting reactions

22
Q

What is the electron transport chain?

A

A series of proteins in which the high-energy electrons from the Krebs Cycle are used to convert ADP to ATP

23
Q

What is a granum?

A

A stack of thylakoids

24
Q

How does the sun provide most of the energy for living things?

A

Plants get energy from the sun and animals eat those plants. If we eat these plants or the animals that consumed the plants, we get energy.

25
Q

What goes in and out of photosynthesis?

A

Carbon-Dioxide and Water go in, Sugars and Oxygen come out

26
Q

What goes in and out of cellular respiration?

A

Oxygen and Glucose go in, Carbon Dioxide and Water come out

27
Q

What are the two reactions of photosynthesis?

A

Light dependent reactions and the Calvin Cycle (Light Independent)

28
Q

What are the three reactions of cellular respiration?

A

Glycolosis, Krebs Cycle, and Electron Transport Chain

29
Q

What does a plant need in order for photosynthesis to occur?

A

Water, carbon-dioxide, light, and chlorophyll

30
Q

What are the reactants and products of light dependent reactions?

A

Reactants: Water, ADP, NADP
Products: ATP, NADPH, Oxygen

31
Q

What are the reactants and products of light independent reactions?

A

Reactants: Carbon-dioxide, ATP, NADPH
Products: NADP+, ADP, Sugars

32
Q

What are the two different steps that glycolosis can go into?

A

Lactic Acid Fermentation = Anaerobic

Alcoholic Fermentation= Aerobic

33
Q

What organelle is related to photosynthesis?

A

The Chloroplast

34
Q

What organelle is related to cellular respiration?

A

The Mitochondria

35
Q

How are H+ ions used to make ATP?

A

H+ Ions enter ATP synthase, the protein rotates, and the energy from the rotation is used to bind ADP to a phosphate group

36
Q

What is the FORMULA for photosynthesis?

A

6CO2+6H2O –(Light)-> C6H12O6+6O2

37
Q

What is the FORMULA for cellular respiration?

A

6O2+C6H12O6 —> 6CO2+6H2O+Energy(ATP)

Brice Seth Ben Flashcards 8th Grade (23 decks)

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