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Brice Seth Ben Flashcards 8th Grade > Biology 10 Week Exam Cards > Flashcards

Biology 10 Week Exam Cards Flashcards

1
Q

What is a controlled experiment?

A

Changing a single variable to test its effects without changing any other variables

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2
Q

What are the characteristics of living things?

A
  • They are made up of cells
  • They reproduce
  • They are based on a universal genetic code
  • They grow and develop
  • They obtain and use materials and energy
  • They respond to their environment
  • They maintain a stable internal environment
  • They change over time
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3
Q

What are the levels of organization in life science?

A
  1. Biosphere
  2. Ecosystem
  3. Community
  4. Population
  5. Organism
  6. Groups of cells
  7. Cells
  8. Molecules
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4
Q

What is the biosphere?

A

The part of earth that contains all ecosystems

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5
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

A community and its non-living surroundings

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6
Q

What is a community?

A

Populations that lives together in a defined area

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7
Q

What is a population?

A

A group of organisms of one type that live in the same area

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8
Q

What is an organism?

A

Individual living thing

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9
Q

What are groups of cells?

A

Tissues, organs, and organ systems

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10
Q

What are cells?

A

Smallest functional unit of life

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11
Q

What are molecules?

A

Groups of atoms; smallest unit of most chemical compounds

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12
Q

What are the four main groups of organic compound found in living things?

A

Proteins, Lipids, Carbohydrates, and Nucleic Acids

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13
Q

What are the functions of lipids?

A

They are used to store energy

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14
Q

What are the functions of nucleic acids?

A

They store and transmit the hereditary/genetic info

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15
Q

What are the functions of carbohydrates?

A

They are the main source of energy for living things; plants and some animals use them for structural purposes

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16
Q

What are the functions of proteins

A

They control the rate of reactions and control cell processes. Some are used to form bones or muscles. Others transport substances into or out of cells or help to fight disease

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17
Q

What is a multicellular organism?

A

Organisms made up of multiple cells

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18
Q

What is a unicellular organism?

A

Organisms made up of one cell

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19
Q

How do enzymes work?

A

They speed up the chemical reactions that take place in cells

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20
Q

What is a hypothesis?

A

A proposed scientific explanation for a set of observations

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21
Q

What are the basic components of a compound light microscopes?

A

Light that passes through a specimen + two lenses

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22
Q

What are the functions of the nucleus?

A

It controls cell processes and contains the hereditary material DNA

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23
Q

What are the functions of the nuclear membrane?

A

It allows materials to move in and out of the nucleus

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24
Q

What are the functions of the nucleolus?

A

It produces ribosomes

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25
Q

What are the functions of ribosomes?

A

They produce proteins by following instructions from the nucleus

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26
Q

What are the functions of the endoplasmic reticulum?

A

They make proteins and transport materials… Two types of endoplasmic reticulum:
Smooth ER: Attaches carbs and lipids to proteins
Rough ER: Ribosomes stud its surface

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27
Q

What are the functions of vacuoles?

A

They store materials within the cell

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28
Q

What are the functions of the cell membrane?

A

It regulates what goes in and out of the cell

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29
Q

What are the functions of the cell wall?

A

Found in plants and other prokaryotes, the cell wall provides support and protection for the cell

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30
Q

What are the functions of the mitochondria?

A
  • It is the “Power House” of the cell
  • It converts food into high-energy compounds the cell can use (ATP)
  • Cellular Respiration
31
Q

What are the functions of the chloroplast?

A

Conduct photosynthesis + they use energy from the sun to create energy rich molecules

32
Q

What are the functions of the cytoskeleton?

A

It gives the cell its shape and is involved in cell movement

33
Q

What are the functions of the Golgi Apparatus?

A

It packages and distributes materials, makes vesicles for transport, and adds carbs and lipids to proteins

34
Q

What are the functions of lysosomes?

A

They break down substances

35
Q

What is an autotroph?

A

Organisms that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food; also called a producer

36
Q

What is stimulus?

A

A signal an organism responds to

37
Q

What are chemical reactions?

A

A process that changes one set of chemicals into another

38
Q

What is a reactant?

A

The elements that ENTER a chemical reaction

39
Q

What is a product?

A

The elements PRODUCED by chemical reactions

40
Q

What is activation energy?

A

The energy that is needed to start a reaction

41
Q

What is a catalyst?

A

A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction

42
Q

What are substrates?

A

The reactants of enzyme catalyzed reactions

43
Q

What does the cell theory state?

A

The theory that states:

  1. All living things are composed of cells (Theodor Schwann)
  2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things
  3. New cells are produced from existing cells (Rudolph Virchow)
44
Q

What is equilibrium?

A

When the concentration of the solute is the same in a system

45
Q

What is a hypotonic solution?

A

When comparing two solutions of different concentrations, the one with a lower concentration of solutes

46
Q

What is a hypertonic solution?

A

When comparing two solutions of different concentrations, the one with a higher concentration of solutes

47
Q

What is an isotonic solution?

A

When the concentration of two solutions is the same

48
Q

What is diffusion?

A

The process by which molecules tend to move from an area of high concentration to low concentration

49
Q

What is facilitated diffusion?

A

When molecules too big to diffuse through the cell membrane move through protein channels instead

50
Q

What is osmosis?

A

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable

51
Q

What is active transport?

A

The diffusion of cells against a concentration difference

52
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

When plants and some other organisms use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbs

53
Q

What is an organelle?

A

“Little organs”

54
Q

What is cell specialization?

A

The process in which cells develop in different ways to perform different tasks

55
Q

What is tissue?

A

A group of similar cells that perform a particular function

56
Q

What is an organ?

A

Many tissues working together

57
Q

What is an organ system?

A

Many organs working together

58
Q

What is a pigment?

A

Light absorbing molecules

59
Q

What a chlorophyll?

A

A plants principle pigment

60
Q

What are thylakoids?

A

Saclike photosynthetic membranes

61
Q

What are photosystems?

A

Clusters of chlorophyll and other pigments

62
Q

What is the stroma?

A

The region outside the thylakoid membranes

63
Q

What is NADP+?

A

A carrier that holds two high energy electrons

64
Q

What are light dependent reactions?

A

Reactions that produce oxygen gas and convert ADP and NADP+ into the energy carriers ATP and NADPH

65
Q

What is the Calvin Cycle?

A

A cycle that uses ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reactions to produce high-energy sugars

66
Q

What is a calorie?

A

The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water one degree celsius

67
Q

What is glycolosis?

A

the first step in releasing energy of glucose

68
Q

What is cellular respiration?

A

The process that releases energy by breaking down glucose in the presence of oxygen

69
Q

What is fermentation?

A

A process that releases energy from food molecules by producing ATP in the absence of oxygen

70
Q

What does ‘anaerobic’ mean?

A

A process that does not require oxygen

71
Q

What does ‘aerobic’ mean?

A

A process that requires oxygen

72
Q

What is the Krebs Cycle?

A

The process where pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon-dioxide by energy extracting reactions

73
Q

What does the electron transport chain do?

A

It uses the high-energy electrons from the Krebs Cycle to convert ADP into ATP

74
Q

What is a heterotroph?

A

Organisms that obtain energy from the foods it consume; also called a consumer

Brice Seth Ben Flashcards 8th Grade (23 decks)

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