Biology Test: Genetic Engineering & The Human Genome

Question 1

Selective Breeding

Answer 1

A breeding technique that allows only organisms with desired characteristics to produce the next generation

Question 2

Hybridization

Answer 2

A breeding technique that involves crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best traits of both organisms

Question 3

Inbreeding

Answer 3

The continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics to maintain the desired characteristics of a line of organisms

Question 4

Genetic Engineering

Answer 4

The process of making changes in the DNA code of living organisms

Question 5

Restriction Enzyme

Answer 5

An enzyme that cuts DNA at a specific sequence of nucleotides

Question 6

Gel Electrophoresis

Answer 6

A procedure used to separate and analyze DNA fragments by placing a mixture of DNA fragments at one end of a porous gel and applying electrical voltage

Question 7

Recombinant DNA

Answer 7

DNA produced by combining DNA from different sources

Question 8

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Answer 8

A technique that allows molecular biologists to make many copies of a particular gene

Question 9

Plasmid

Answer 9

A small circular piece of DNA

Question 10

Genetic Marker

Answer 10

A gene that makes it possible to distinguish bacteria that carry a plasmid with foreign DNA from those that don’t

Question 11

Transgenic

Answer 11

A term used to refer to an organism that contains genes from other organisms

Question 12

Clone

Answer 12

A member of a population of genetically identical cells produced from a single cell

Question 13

Gene Therapy

Answer 13

The process of changing the gene that causes a genetic disorder

Question 14

Karyotype

Answer 14

A photograph of chromosomes, ordered by size, in pairs

Question 15

Sex Chromosome

Answer 15

One of two chromosomes that determine an individual’s sex

Question 16

Autosome

Answer 16

A chromosome that is not a sex chromosome

Question 17

Pedigree

Answer 17

A chart that shows the relationships within a family

Question 18

Sex-linked Gene

Answer 18

A gene located on the X or Y chromosome

Question 19

Nondisjunction

Answer 19

An error in meiosis in which homologous chromosomes fail to separate

Question 20

DNA Fingerprinting

Answer 20

The analysis of sections of DNA that have little or no known function, but vary widely from one individual to another, in order to identify individuals

Question 21

What blood type is the universal reciever?

Answer 21

Type AB

Question 22

What blood type is the universal donor?

Answer 22

Type O

Question 23

What is the ultimate source of genetic variability?

Answer 23

Mutations

Question 24

What technique do scientists use to copy genes?

Answer 24

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Question 25

What genetic disorders may result from nondisjunction?

Answer 25

Down Syndrome, Klinefelter’s Syndrome, and Turner’s Syndrome

Question 26

Why are viruses used in gene therapy?

Answer 26

Because of their ability to enter a cell’s DNA