Biology test: NSMI Flashcards
Epithelial tissue
Tissue that covers the surface of the body and lines internal organs
Connective tissue
Tissue that holds organs in place and binds different parts of the body together
Nervous tissue
Tissue that receives messages from the body’s external and internal environment, analyzes the data, and directs the response
Muscle tissue
Tissue that controls the internal movement of materials in the body, as well as external movement
Homeostasis
Process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment
Feedback inhibition
The process in which the product or result stops or limits the process
Resting potential
Electrical charge across the cell membrane of a resting neuron
Action potential
Reversal of charges across the cell membrane of a neuron (nerve impulse)
Threshold
Minimum level of a stimulus required to activate a neuron
Synapse
The location at which a neuron can transfer an impulse to another cell
Neurotransmitter
A chemical used by a neuron to transmit an impulse across a synapse to another cell
Reflex
Quick automatic response to a stimulus
Sensory neuron
A neuron that reacts to a specific stimulus such as light or sound by sending impulses to other neurons and eventually to the central nervous system
Motor neuron
A neuron forming part of a pathway along which impulses pass from the brain or spinal cord to a muscle or gland
Interneuron
A neuron that transmits impulses between other neurons, especially as part of a reflex arc
Periosteum
Tough layer of connective tissue surrounding a bone
Haversian canal
One of a network of tubes, running through compact bone, that contains blood vessels and nerves
Bone marrow
Soft tissue inside the cavities within bones
Cartilage
Strong connective tissue that supports the body and is softer and more flexible than bone
Ossification
Process of bone formation, during which cartilage is replaced by bone
Joint
Place where one bone attaches to another
Ligament
Strip of tough connective tissue that holds bones together at a joint
Myosin
Protein that makes up the thick filaments in striations in skeletal muscle cells
Actin
Protein that mainly makes up the thin filaments in striations in skeletal muscle cells
Acetylcholine
Neurotransmitter that diffuses across a synapse and produces an impulse in the cell membrane of a muscle cell
Tendon
Tough connective tissue that joins skeletal muscles to bone
Osteoblast
The bone cells that produce bone
Osteoclast
The bone cells that break down bone
Axon
A long fiber that carries impulses away from the cell body of a neuron
What are the levels of organization in living things?
Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
What are the basic types of tissues?
Muscle, epithelial, connective, & nervous
What makes up the central nervous system?
The brain and the spinal cord
What makes up the peripheral nervous system?
All cells/nerves that are not part of the brain or spinal cord
What are the three types of muscle?
Skeletal, smooth, and cardiac
What two layers make up the skin?
The epidermis and dermis
Nervous System
Coordinates body’s response to changes in its environment
Integumentary System
Removes some waste and provides protection against infection, injury, and UV radiation
Skeletal System
Supports the body
Muscular System
Produces voluntary movement
