Biology Terms Unit 2 Flashcards
What charge is a neutron and where is it located?
Neutral/0, Located in the nucleus
What charge is a proton and where is it located?
Positive, Located in the nucleus
What charge is an electron and where is it located?
Negative, Located outside the nucleus
What are isotopes?
An isotope is an element that has a number of neutrons different from atoms of the same element
What holds compounds together and how are they different than mixtures?
They are held together by chemical bonds; they are different than mixtures because they are not chemically combined
What is cohesion?
An attraction between molecules of the same substance
What is adhesion?
An attraction between molecules of a different substance
What are ionic bonds?
A bond formed when one or more electrons transfer from one atom to another
What are covalent bonds?
A bond formed when electrons are shared between atoms
What are valence electrons?
Electrons available to form bonds
What is a compound?
A compound is a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions
What does water dissolve?
Almost anything (Universal Solvent)
What is an element?
A pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom
What is a reactant?
An element or compound that enters a chemical reaction
What is a product?
An element or compound produced by a chemical reaction
What is a solvent?
The substance in which a solute dissolves
What is a solute?
The substance that is dissolved
What is a buffer?
Weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp changes in pH
What is a base?
A compound that produces hydroxide in a solution
What is an acid?
Any compound that forms hydrogen ions in a solution
What is mass number?
Tells the number of neutrons and protons in an atom
What is atomic number?
Tells the number of protons and electrons in an atom
What is the pH scale?
A measurement system used to indicate the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution
What is a mixture?
A material composed of two or more elements that are physically mixed together, not chemically.
What are carbohydrates?
Compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; major source of energy for the human body
What are Polymers made of?
Monomers
What are the two types of nucleic acids?
DNA and RNA
What are lipids?
Macromolecules made mainly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes
What are proteins?
Macromolecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair and to make up enzymes
What are monosaccharides?
Single sugar molecules
What are Nucleotides made of?
A 5-carbon sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
What is a molecule?
The smallest unit of most compounds
What makes something polar?
When there is an uneven distribution of electrons between two atoms
Proteins are polymers of molecules called…
Amino acids
Large macromolecules formed from monosaccharides are known as…
Polysaccharides
What is a chemical reaction?
A process that changes, or transforms one set of chemicals into another
What is activation energy?
The energy needed to get a reaction started
What is a catalyst?
A substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction.
What is an enzyme?
Proteins that act as biological catalysts.
What is a substrate?
The reactant of enzyme-catalyzed reactions
What are nucleic acids?
Macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus
What do organic compounds contain?
Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Carbon, and Phosphorus
What are the characteristics of bases?
Bitter, turn red litmus paper blue, don’t react with metals.
What are the characteristics of acids?
Sour, turn blue litmus paper red, react with metals
What is an atomic number?
A number that tells the number of protons and electrons in an element.
What is a mass number?
It tells the total of all the protons and neutrons in a nucleus
