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DAT > Biology - Chapter 9: Diversity of Life > Flashcards

Biology - Chapter 9: Diversity of Life Flashcards

1
Q

Taxonomy Classifications

A

1) Kingdom
2) Phylum
3) Class
4) Order
5) Family
6) Genus
7) Species

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2
Q

Taxonomy Mnemonic

A

King Phillip Came Over For Great Soup

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3
Q

Gram Positive Bacteria

A
  • thick peptidoglycan layer

- stain dark purple

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4
Q

Gram Negative Bacteria

A
  • thin peptidoglycan layer

- stain pink (due to counterstain)

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5
Q

Archae

A
  • cell wall lacks peptidoglycan
  • ribosome has unique structure
  • contain introns
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6
Q

6 Kingdoms

A

Archae, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

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7
Q

Protist

A

Kingdom of mostly unicellular eukaryotic organism

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8
Q

Fungus-like protists

A
  • e.g. slime molds
  • no cell wall made of chitin
  • saphrophytic/phagocytosis
  • asexual reproduction and sporulation
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9
Q

Plant-like protists

A
  • among the most important primary producers in aquatic environments
  • unicellular
  • photosynthetic autotrophs
  • asexual
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10
Q

Fungi

A
  • heterotrophic saprophytes
  • have hyphae
  • favorable conditions: asexual, produce haploid spore via mitosis
  • unfavorable conditions: sexual, produce diploid cell that makes spores via meiosis
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11
Q

Nonfilamentous fungi

A
  • e.g. yeast
  • unicellular
  • asexual (budding)
  • facultative anaerobes
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12
Q

Filamentous fungi

A
  • e.g. molds, mushrooms
  • multicellular
  • multinucleate (form hyphae)
  • sexual
  • aerobic
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13
Q

Mycelium

A

-Network of hyphae

1) Septate hyphae: dividing hyphaes
2) Coenocytic hyphae: long continuous w/o division

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14
Q

Lichens

A
  • symbiotic autotrophs

- fungi paired with either algae or cyanobacteria

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15
Q

Coelom

A
  • cavity

- Acoeolomates, Pseudocoelomates, Coelomates

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16
Q

Coelomates

A
  • mesoderm surrounds the coelom on all sides

- Phyla: Annelida, Mollusca, Arthtropoda, Echinodermata, Chordata

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17
Q

Acoelomates

A
  • mesoderm does not surround the coelom on all sides

- Phylum: platylhelminthes

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18
Q

Pseudocoelomates

A
  • mesodorm partially surrounds coelom

- Phyla: nematoda, rotifera

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19
Q

Animal Phyla Mnemonic

A

Privileged Children Play Nicely Rapidly and Maturely, Arthur Ensures Cooperation

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20
Q

Porifera

A
  • e.g. sponge
  • first animal
  • asymmetrical
  • digest via amoebocytes
  • feed as suspension feeders
  • asexual/hermaphrodites
21
Q

Cnidaria

A
  • e.g.: hydra, jellyfish, sea anemone, coral
  • Body symmetry: radial
  • -Tissue organization: diploblasts
  • Circulatory system: diffusion
  • Nervous system: nerve net (no brain)
  • Respiratory system: diffusion
  • Digestive system: gastrovascular cavity
  • General characteristics: some have nematocysts, switch from polyp (asexual) to medusa (sexual)
22
Q

Platyhelminthes

A
  • e.g: flatworms, flukes, tapeworm, planaria
  • Body symmetry: bilateral
  • Tissue organization: triploblast
  • Circulatory system: none
  • Nervous system: ganglia
  • Respiratory system: diffusion
  • Digestive system: gastrovascular cavity (except tapeworms)
  • General Characteristics: sexual/asexual, parasite
23
Q

Nematoda

A
  • e.g: round worm, hook worm, trichinella C. elegans
  • Body symmetry: Bilateral
  • Tissue organization: triploblasts
  • Circulatory system: diffusion
  • Nervous system: nerve cord and ring
  • Respiratory system: diffusion
  • Digestive system: alimentary canal
  • General characteristics: cuticle, parasite
24
Q

Rotifera

A
  • e.g: Rotifers
  • Body symmetry: bilateral
  • Tissue organization: triploblast
  • Circulatory system: diffusion
  • Nervous system: ganglia
  • Respiratory system: diffusion
  • Digestive system: alimentary canal (mouth and anus)
  • General characteristics: sexual or parthogenetically, freshwater environments, draws food and water in mouth by beating cilia
25
Q

Annelida

A
  • e.g: earthworms, leach
  • Body symmetry: bilateral
  • Tissue organization: triploblast
  • Circulatory system: closed circulatory system
  • Nervous system: ganglia
  • Respiratory system: diffusion
  • Digestive system: alimentary canal
  • Embryonic development: protostome (mouth first)
  • General characteristics: segmented, sexual/asexual, muscly boi
26
Q

Mollusca

A
  • e.g: clam, snail, slug, squid, octopus, cephalopod
  • Body symmetry: bilateral
  • Tissue organization: triploblast
  • Circulatory system: open
  • Nervous system: brain
  • Respiratory system: gills
  • Digestive system: alimentary canal, radula
  • Embryonic development: protostome
  • General characteristics: visceral mass, radula, hemocoel
27
Q

Arthtropoda (all)

A
  • e.g: insects, arachnida, crustacean
  • Body symmetry: bilateral
  • Tissue organization: triploblast
  • Circulatory system: open (hemolymph, kinda like blood)
  • Nervous system: ganglia
  • Digestive system: one-way digestion
  • Embryonic development: protostome
28
Q

Arthropoda (insects)

A

E.g.: ant, grasshopper

  • Respiratory system: spiracles and tracheal tubes
  • General characteristics: exoskeleton made of chitin, three pairs of legs, A LOT, metamorphosis
29
Q

Arthtropoda (arachnida)

A

E.g.: spider, scorpion

  • Respiratory system: trachae or book lungs
  • General characteristics: exoskeleton, jointed appendages, four pairs of legs
30
Q

Arthropoda (crustacea)

A
  • E.g.: lobsters, crayfish, crab
  • Respiratory system: gills
  • General characteristics: exoskeleton, jointed appendages, aquatic/terrestrial
31
Q

Echinodermata

A
  • e.g: starfish, sea urchin, sea urchin, sea cucumber
  • Body symmetry: bilateral (larvae), five-fold radial (adult)
  • Tissue organization: triploblasts
  • Circulatory system: open, no heart
  • Nervous system: nerve ring
  • Respiratory system: none
  • Digestive system: complete, mouth and anus
  • Embryonic development: deuterostome
  • General characteristics: water vascular system, central disk, tube feet, sexual/asexual, closest related to chordates
32
Q

Chordates

A
  • e.g.: vertebrates
  • body symmetry: bilateral
  • tissue organization: triploblasts
  • embryonic development: deuterostome
33
Q

4 Shared Traits of Chordates

A

1) Notochord
2) Dorsal Hollow Nerve Cord
3) Pharyngeal Gill Slits
4) Muscular post-anal tail

34
Q

Notochord

A
  • cartilaginous rod derived from mesoderm
  • forms the primitive axis
  • replaced by bone
35
Q

Dorsal Hollow Nerve Cord

A

forms spinal cord

36
Q

Pharyngeal Gill Slits

A
  • forms pharynx, gills, other feeding structures

- in humans: eustachian tubes

37
Q

Muscular post-anal tail

A

lost during embryonic development in humans and many other chordates :(

38
Q

Chordate: Lanceletes

A
  • Subphylum: cephalochordata
  • Circulatory system: closed, no heart
  • Respiratory system: gills
  • General characteristics: no vertebrae
39
Q

Chordate: Tunicates

A
  • Subphylum: Tunicate
  • Circulatory system: closed and open
  • Respiratory system: gills
  • General characteristics: notochord in larvae, sessile filter feeders, sexual and asexual (budding)
40
Q

Chordate: Fish (Jawless)

A
  • e.g.: lamprey, hagfish
  • Subphylum: vertebrata
  • Circulatory system: two chambered heart
  • Respiratory system: gills
  • General characteristics: notochord in both stages of life, cartilaginous skeleton
41
Q

Chordate: Fish (Cartilagonous)

A
  • e.g.: shark
  • Subphylum: vertebrata
  • Circulatory system: two chambered heart
  • Respiratory system: gills
  • General characteristics: jaws and teeth, reduced notochord with cartilaginous vertebrae
42
Q

Chordate: Fish (Bony)

A

E.g.: salmon, halibut

  • Subphylum: vertebrata
  • Circulatory system: two chambered heart
  • Respiratory system: gills
  • General characteristics: scales, bony skeleton
43
Q

Chordate: Amphibia

A

E.g.: Frog, toad, salamander, newt

  • Subphylum: vertebrata
  • Circulatory system: three chambered heart
  • Respiratory system: gills in juveniles, lungs in adults
  • General characteristics: no scales, metamorphosis (tadpoles)
44
Q

Chordate: Mammalia (Monotremes)

A

E.g.: duckbill platypus, spiny anteater

  • Subphylum: vertebrata
  • Circulatory system: four chambered heart
  • Respiratory system: lungs
  • General characteristics: homeothermic, feed young with milk, leathery eggs, sweat milk
45
Q

Chordate: Mammalia (Marsupials)

A

E.g.: kangaroo, opposum

  • Subphylum: vertebrata
  • Circulatory system: four chambered heart
  • Respiratory system: lungs
  • General characteristics: homeotherms, feed young with milk
46
Q

Chordate: Mammalia (Placental)

A

E.g.: Bat, whale, human, doggy

  • Subphylum: vertebrata
  • Circulatory system: four chambered heart
  • Respiratory system: lungs
  • General characteristics: homeotherms, placenta support fetus
47
Q

Chordate: Reptilia

A

E.g.: Turtle, snek, crocodile, alligator

  • Subphylum: vertebrata
  • Circulatory system: Three chambered (except crocodile and alligators = four chambered)
  • Respiratory system: lungs
  • General characteristics: mainly terrestrial, leathery eggs, internal fertilization, cold blooded
48
Q

Chordate: Birb

A

E.g.: Eagle, blue jay

  • Subphylum: vertebrata
  • Circulatory system: Four chambered heart
  • Respiratory system: Lungs
  • General characteristics: homeotherms, eggs in shell

DAT (16 decks)

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